“…The bottom ash from FBC results from periodic discharges of the bed, among other reasons, related to: i) bed renovation and replacement in order to avoid bed agglomeration and defluidization, ii) discharge of excess bed solids in order to maintain the optimal bed height, iii) bottom bed replacement by fresh sand with appropriate particle size distribution, to guarantee proper hydrodynamic conditions of the bubbling bed. For this reasoning the bottom ash from FBC are composed mainly of Si compounds, with values as high as 90 wt.% (expressed as SiO 2 ) [9,14,21,22,24]. Usually the fly ashes from biomass combustion are enriched in chemical elements typical of the inorganic content of the biomass, including heavy metals (e.g., Cr, Cd, Zn, Pb), when compared to bottom ash [1,6].…”