Studies in cerebral circulation. Methods for the qualitative and quantitative study of human cerebral blood vessels

Hale, Alfred R.; Reed, Adrian F.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(63)90039-5

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The sampling would then be uniform in relation to the reference space and unrelated to the length of the boundary of each micropiece. The data presented here are different from those reported in previous studies of the human hippocampal region (Bell and Ball, 1981), the neocortex (Diemer, 1968;Hunziker et al, 1979;Bell and Ball, 1985), and other brain regions (Hale and Reed, 1963;Fukasawa, 1976). This is most likely because of the differences in the methods used.…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…A consensus regarding the diameter of capillaries has not been reached in the literature. The diameter limit used to define capillaries in the present study is similar to that of another study of the human hippocampus (Bell and Ball, 1981) and equal to the upper defining limit used in other studies carried out in the human brain (Hale and Reed, 1963;Secomb, 1995). On the basis of a pilot study designed to provide information about the distribution of vessel diameters in the five hippocampal subdivisions, we chose a definition that would include all capillaries and a minimum of venules and arterioles in the counts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Stereological estimates of number and length of capillaries in subdivisions of the human hippocampal region

Løkkegaard¹,

Nyengaard²,

West

2001

Hippocampus

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The hippocampal formation is a neuroanatomically well-defined region of the brain involved in memory processes. In view of the functional importance of the region and its involvement in a number of brain pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease and temporal lobe epilepsy, a quantitative description of its vascular supply represents an important first step in evaluating the involvement of vascular changes in these phenomena. Unbiased estimates of the length and connectivity of the vascular supply of brain regions have not been described previously. The total number, total length, and distribution of the diameters of capillaries were estimated in the five major subdivisions of the hippocampal formation (fascia dentata, hilus, CA3-2, CA1, and subiculum) in 5 normal males, 52-84 years of age. These estimates were used to derive several other structural parameters. Both the primary and the derived parameters were used to make inter- and intra-individual comparisons. For each of the five major subdivisions from each individual, the volume was estimated using the Cavalieri principle. The total capillary length was estimated on 3-microm-thick plastic isotropic uniform random sections. Using a topological definition of a capillary unit and the optical disector, total capillary number was estimated in 40-microm-thick plastic sections. Length-and number-weighted three-dimensional diameter distributions were obtained from the thin and thick plastic sections, respectively. In each subdivision the total length of capillaries was correlated with previously obtained data on the number of neurons in the same subdivisions of the same individuals. Intersubdivisional differences were observed, in that the hilus of the dentate gyrus had fewer capillaries per unit volume than the other four subdivisions. Interindividual comparisons indicate that the interindividual variances are of a magnitude suitable for sensitive group comparisons. The design-based stereological methods that were used in the analyses can provide a basis for a new unbiased approach to the estimation of vascular parameters in well-defined regions of the brain.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Stereological estimates of number and length of capillaries in subdivisions of the human hippocampal region

Løkkegaard¹,

Nyengaard²,

West

2001

Hippocampus

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“…46 The grey matter and the subcortical white matter are supplied by a rich, branching capillary network arising from pial vessels. 48,49 The venous drainage from these areas is external, via the pial vessels. 50 The deeper white matter is supplied by longer and larger caliber vessels which pass through the cortex without branching.…”

Section: Ocular Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol intoxication: clinical features and differential diagnosis

Suit¹,

Estes²

1990

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

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Methanol intoxication causes severe metabolic acidosis and can lead to permanent visual damage or death. Methanol, readily available in common products like antifreeze, is ingested accidentally or deliberately as a substitute for ethanol and in suicide attempts. Because it may become a major fuel source in the 21st century and because industrial uses are expanding, deliberate and accidental intoxication is likely to increase. Rapid diagnosis is essential so that appropriate treatment can be instituted quickly. The authors review the pharmacology, clinical and laboratory findings, and pathology and pathophysiology of methanol intoxication. In addition, they discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment of acute intoxication, including the use of 4-methylpyrazole in preventing the conversion of methanol to formate. • INDEX TERMS: POISONING, METHYL ALCOHOL • CLEVE CLIN J MED 1990; 57:464-471 M ETHANOL (wood spirit, wood alcohol,Columbian spirit) ingestion causes a severe metabolic acidosis and visual disturbances that may become permanent despite aggressive therapy. In the past, the use of methanol in bootleg whiskey resulted in epidemic poisonings, and methanol continues to be ingested as a cheap substitute for ethanol. Methanol is also ingested in suicide attempts. It is readily obtained, and toxic amounts are present in a variety of compounds found in the home and workplace, including windshield washer fluid, antifreeze, carburetor fluid, duplicating fluid, paint remover, various solvents and cleaners, Sterno, and gasoline mixtures. If there is a move to methanol as a new automobile fuel, 1 its availability, and thus the incidence of acute From the Department of Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.Address reprints requests to M.L.E.,

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“…It is likely that retinal capillary networks are morphometrically adapted in order that the balance between cellular nutrition and optical clarity can be achieved. In other organs, microcirculatory adaptive mechanisms that serve to satisfy the unique metabolic demands of distinct cell populations include modifications in capillary diameter, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] intercapillary distance, 6 capillary density, 7,11,[13][14][15][16] and the area bounded by capillary loops. 17 Similar capillary network adaptations may be present in the human retina.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%