Studies in Cortico-Adrenal Function

Gillman, Leon

doi:10.1210/endo-31-2-201

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Ovaries There were no recent corpora lutea nor signs of ovulation in any of the three pairs of ovaries and none showed the large follicular cysts described by Gillman [1942] in baboons receiving progesterone. Thecal luteinization was conspicuous, and in each ovary there seemed to be increased numbers of interstitial cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Induction of Menstrual Bleeding in Amenorrhoeic and Normal Monkeys by Progesterone

Krohn¹

1951

J Endocrinol

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Menstrual bleeding can be induced in monkeys with secondary amenorrhoea by the injection of 5 daily doses of progesterone. Bleeding follows 3\p=m-\6 days after the end of the injections. Normal regular periods sometimes follow.The minimum amount necessary is 5 mg. daily for 3\p=m-\4 days and spreading the total dose over several days seems to enhance its effectiveness. A condition of epimenorrhoea can be induced in normal monkeys by the regular administration of short courses of progesterone either immediately a menstrual bleeding has begun or shortly after. As many as 27 regular bleedings in 328 days have been induced.If premature bleeding is not induced the onset of the next period is delayed.'Intracyclic bleeding' can be induced in normal menstruating women by means of progesterone [Zondek & Rozin, 1938]. Progesterone can also be used to induce uterine bleeding in patients with either primary or secondary amenorrhoea [Rakoff, 1946]. In some cases of secondary amenorrhoea regular cycles spontaneously follow the induction of a single bleeding. Corresponding observations on baboons have been reported by Gillman [1940] who found that the administration of progesterone early in the menstrual cycle leads not only to 'intracyclic menstruation' but also to deturgescence of the permeai swelling. The present paper records a series of experiments in which progesterone has induced uterine bleeding in amenorrhoeic rhesus monkeys. The effects of repeated courses of treatment with progesterone have also been studied in prepubertal, adolescent and mature normal monkeys. MATERIALS AND METHODSSixteen rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and one mangabey monkey (Cercocebus torquatus atys) were used. Crystalline progesterone dissolved in arachis oil was given once daily by intramuscular injection. The occurrence of uterine bleeding was deter¬ mined by means of daily vaginal lavages. New courses of injection were begun either when bleeding started, or on the 1st day after bleeding ended.Autopsies were performed on three monkeys. The ovaries and reproductive tract were fixed in Bouin's fluid. Serial sections (7 µ) of the ovaries and representative sections (7 µ) of the uterus were stained with Masson's trichrome stain and with haematoxylin and eosin. RESULTSProgesterone treatment of mature monkeys with 'secondary amenorrhoea' Six mature rhesus monkeys which had not menstruated for 59-190 days were given a standard course of 5 daily doses of 5 mg. progesterone (Table 1). Bleeding followed on the 4th-7th day after the end of the injections, and lasted 2-5 days.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Induction of Menstrual Bleeding in Amenorrhoeic and Normal Monkeys by Progesterone

Krohn¹

1951

J Endocrinol

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“…Survival times which have been reported in the absence of accessory tissue have almost always been under 3 weeks, usually with an average of about 1 week (cf. Richter 1936;Gillman & Goldberg 1942;Cowie 1949). The relevant literature has been reviewed in detail by Swingle & Remington (1944).…”

Section: Survival After Adrenalectomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All animals in which the presence of accessory or residual tissue at the end of the experiment was confirmed were omitted from the calculations, as were the small number dying within two days of the operation (cf. Gillman & Goldberg 1942). Table 1 shows the nature of the various regimens which were investigated in the course of evolving a suitable technique for testing the functional activity of adrenal grafts.…”

Section: Post-mortem Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hooded strain were adrenalectomized, 640 being of approximately 50 g body weight and the rest of approximately 100 g body weight. Of these animals, thirty-four failed to survive for 2 days, and following Gillman & Goldberg (1942) were 'w ritten off' as shock deaths, fourteen out of 640 (2*2 %) among the young animals and tw enty out of 818 (2-4 %) among the older animals. In addition, forty-nine of the older ones were killed 14 days after operation to provide histological material.…”

Section: Frequency Of Shock Death Accessory Bodies and Anomalous Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viability of adrenocortical tissue transplanted after freezing and thawing

Parkes

1955

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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The average survival time after bilateral adrenalectomy of rats of the N. I. M. R. hooded strain, maintained on a low salt diet and not having visible accessory tissue, was about 6 days. This survival time was usually too short to permit the establishment of an effective graft, but by feeding NaCl it could be prolonged sufficiently to enable fresh cortical tissue to form grafts which were functional in that the animals survived subsequent transference to low salt diet for 2 weeks. Exposure of the cortical tissue to low temperatures by the methods previously employed for ovarian tissue (Parkes & Smith 1953) greatly decreased the probability that it would form an effective graft, but a number of successful experiments were carried out, especially when a buffered Ringer-Locke medium containing glycerol was substituted for the glycerol-saline previously used. In all, more than a hundred functional grafts were obtained from adrenocortical tissue which had been exposed to a temperature of — 79°C for up to 24 h. Adrenocortical cells, therefore, like many others, are not necessarily destroyed by exposure to low temperatures ( — 79°C), though it seems that optimal conditions are not provided by the technique evolved for gonadal endocrine cells.

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Adrenocortical insufficiency

Hofmann¹,

Sobel²

1964

The Adrenocortical Hormones

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Studies in Cortico-Adrenal Function

Cited by 5 publications

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The Induction of Menstrual Bleeding in Amenorrhoeic and Normal Monkeys by Progesterone

The Induction of Menstrual Bleeding in Amenorrhoeic and Normal Monkeys by Progesterone

Viability of adrenocortical tissue transplanted after freezing and thawing

Adrenocortical insufficiency

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