Studies in Mechanisms of Penicillin Action. I. Penicillin Effects on Blood Coagulation

Moldavsky, Leon F.; Hasselbrock, William B.; Cateno, Carlos; Goodwin, Darrell

doi:10.1126/science.102.2637.38

Cited by 47 publications

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“…The only unfavorable physiological effects that have been reported, apart from the urticaria that occasionally develops in sensitive individuals, are delayed clotting of blood (69a, 123), the precipitation of convulsions following intrathecal injection (192), and partial inhibition of phagocytosis (197). With regard to the first of these observations, however, it should be pointed out that a contradictory report has been published, i.e., that penicillin accelerates clotting (131). The discrepancy in observations may be due to the widely different concentrations of penicillin that were employed.…”

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Cytochemical Interpretation of the Mechanism of Penicillin Action 1

Pratt¹,

Dufrénoy²

1948

Bacteriological Reviews

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confidence: 99%

Cytochemical Interpretation of the Mechanism of Penicillin Action 1

Pratt¹,

Dufrénoy²

1948

Bacteriological Reviews

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“…A paper of considerable interest is concerned with the effects of penicillin on the coagulation of the blood (57). The oral or intra muscular administration of penicillin to human subjects was followed in a few minutes by a marked reduction in the clotting-time of the blood.…”

Section: Non-proteolytic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Oxidative Enzymes

1946

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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An extensive account of recent work on enzymes which hydrolyze the peptide linkage was given by Greenberg & Winnick in last year's Annual Review of Biochemistry (1). The present discussion of these enzymes is necessarily limited to a consideration of a relatively small number of contributions selected from the more recent literature.Plant proteinases.-To the list of these enzymes previously re corded (1) may now be added the pro teinase "arachain" which was isolated in purified form from the cotyledons and embryo of the pea nut by Irving & Fontaine (2). This enzyme functions optimally at pH 6.5 to 7. 5 and its activity is not influenced by cyanide, cysteine, or hydrogen peroxide. when these compounds are present in concen trations which have a marked effect on several other proteinases. Moreover, the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate benzoyl-I-arginine amide was shown to proceed in the first stages as a reaction of zero order, even at very low concentrations of substrate. The authors point out that this behavior differs from that of other proteolytic en zymes whose reaction kinetics have been studied. In practically all other cases the kinetics of the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates are those of first order reactions. Castaneda and co-workers (3) have succeeded in crystallizing the enzyme mexicain which is found in the latex of Pileus me.ricanus.Digestion of native and denatured proteins.-The fact that de natured proteins are, in many instances, more readily hydrolyzed by enzymes than the corresponding native proteins seems now to be well established. In a comparative study of the papain-digestion of native human serum albumin and of this protein after denaturation by heat and by urea, Rice and co-workers (4) have observed some interest ing effects of sodium caprylate and of the sodium sal�s of other acids such as phenyl butyric acid on the denaturation pro' cess. Each of these salts not only protects native serum albumin from undergoing coagulation at a temperature at which the protein is quickly coagulated in the absence of the salt; but the salts also have the effect of "stabiliz ing" the protein during treatment by urea or by heat in such a man-35 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1946.15:35-74. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Northeastern University on 02/02/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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“…Both groups on admission to the hospital had the following blood studies done : ( 1 ) complete blood counts and hemoglobin estimation; (2) The bleeding time was tested according to Duke's method by making a stab wound about 2 mm. They were undergoing routine operation for removal of tonsils and adenoids.…”

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