Studies in Microbic Heredity Xi. The Genetic Origin of Staphylococcus Albus and Aureus From Common Ancestral Strains

Mellon, Ralph R.; Caldwell, Dorothy W.

doi:10.1128/jb.12.6.409-426.1926

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Although Miss Evans submitted no evidence other than similarity in cultural characteristics of the relationship of the coloured to the white forms, in view of recent work on the micrococci it appears not improbable that such a relationship does exist. Bigger, Boland and O'Meara(i) have recently recorded the transformation of M. albus to M. aureus and the reversion of aureus to albus, while Mellon and Caldwell (6) have published data which they consider support the view that these organisms have originated from a common ancestor. Pinner and Voldrich(ii) observed the transformation of aureus to albus strains as well as the reversion of albus to aureus.…”

Section: Biochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

57. A Bacterial Milk Taint

Cunningham¹

1933

Journal of Dairy Research

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1. The production in milk of an aroma resembling that of amyl alcohol was due to the growth of white and orange micrococci, similar to those described asM. caseolyticusby Evans(2).2. The taint was observed when the cows were housed, but disappeared when they were put out to grass.3. The source of the causal micrococci was found to be the floor of the cowshed. The taint disappeared when the latter was washed and disinfected.4. The aroma of amyl alcohol was produced in media containing leucine as the sole organic compound.

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Section: Biochemical Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

57. A Bacterial Milk Taint

Cunningham¹

1933

Journal of Dairy Research

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“…of cocci tested were doubtful by agglutination tests alone, but fell into line after employment of absorption tests. Mellon and Caldwell (1926), by means of agglutination and absorption tests, have described an S. albus strain which they regard as a primitive "common ancestor" type from which may have sprung distinct strains of S. albus and S. aureus, and found that while many of the S. albus strains studied were similar to the white component of the " parent " strain, relatively few of the S. aureus strains were closely related to the S. aureus groups present in the common ancestor. They hold that other " common ancestor " types with multiple agglutinogens may be found, and that the S. aureus characteristics are probably developed from such a type pari passu with increase of virulence, and that this would make classification based on a single set of characters very difficult.…”

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confidence: 99%

On the Differentiation of the Staphylococci, with Special reference to the Precipitin Reactions

Dudgeon¹,

Simpson²

1928

J. Hyg.

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(1) FiftyS. aureusand 30 S.albusstrains obtained from infective processes in man have been investigated. Such cultural reactions as were completed did not differentiate between strains of S. albus and S. aureus, or serve to group these cocci; we found, however, that 94 per cent, of the S. aureus strains fermented mannite, as opposed to 40 per cent, of the S. albus strains. These results are in accordance with the findings of Cummins and Cumming (1913) and Hine (1922).(2) A close degree of correlation between pathogenicity for rabbits, pigment formation, and biochemical activity was noticed among theS. aureusstrains. Out of 19 pathogenic strains ofS. aureus, 9 showed medium pigmentation and 10 were strongly pigmented.(3) Anti-sera were prepared by inoculating rabbits with living cultures, 24 hours old, of the various strains. TheS. aureusrabbits and a few of theS. albusreceived two preliminary doses of the specific vaccine, but little or no protective action was afforded from the doses of living cocci injected.(4) Nineteen out of 25 cultures ofS. aureuskilled rabbits, but only 3 out of 18 cultures ofS. albus.(5) Fifteen strains ofS. aureusand 15 ofS. albuswere used for the preparation of anti-sera, and tested against as many antigens as possible, by the methods described by Dudgeon and Bamforth.(6) Cultures ofS. aureusproduced efficient anti-sera more readily thanS. albuscultures, but when an activeS. albusanti-serum was produced, it appeared to be as effective as theS. aureusanti-sera.(7) A marked difference in efficiency betweenS. aureusandS. albusantigens was noted.S. aureusantigens were almost three times more active thanS. albusantigens.(8) Pathogenic strains ofS. aureusandS. albusproduced more efficient precipitin antigens than non-pathogenic.(9) From the microscopical examination of the deposit formed in the precipitin reactions, a difference was noted betweenS. aureusandS. albusantigens.(10) The study of the precipitin reactions has failed to show any hard and fast dividing line between staphylococci of different colours, or of different cultural reactions. We are inclined to agree with Winslow, Rothberg and Parsons (1920) and with Dudgeon's original view in 1908, that the pyogenic, Gram-positive staphylococci must be regarded as members of one common family.

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An Introduction to Chaos, or the Classification of Micrococci and Staphylococci

Cowan

1962

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Studies in Microbic Heredity Xi. The Genetic Origin of Staphylococcus Albus and Aureus From Common Ancestral Strains

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

57. A Bacterial Milk Taint

57. A Bacterial Milk Taint

On the Differentiation of the Staphylococci, with Special reference to the Precipitin Reactions

An Introduction to Chaos, or the Classification of Micrococci and Staphylococci

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