Studies in the Maloideae (Rosaceae) 1- Chaenomeles Lindley and Cydonia Miller

Sufficient water supply for plants is one of the most important conditions for their vital activity, since most of the biochemical reactions that regulate the plants physiological functions take place in the water environment. The plants adaptive capacity to the influence of a complex of environmental factors in field conditions is largely determined by the ability to maintain water balance, which can be characterized by various features. Among them, the transpiration intensity and the level of water deficit are the most important indicators that are related to the mechanisms of plant resistance to water or high-temperature stress. The aim of the work was to evaluate the introduction success of plants according to the markers of water availability in a new environment. The objects of the study were plants of the genus Chaenomeles, introduced in the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University: three natural species (Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa, and Ch. cathayensis), as well as two hybrids (Ch. × superba and Ch. × californica). Species Ch. japonica naturally grows in humid areas with moderate temperatures, while species of Chinese origin Ch. speciosa and Ch. cathayensis are adapted to mountainous terrain with sharp temperature fluctuations. Water deficiency in the leaves of introduced plants was determined by saturating leaf cuttings with water; the intensity of transpiration was studied by the method of rapid weighing. Both indicators of the water regime in the leaves of introduced plants were measured under contrasting levels of moisture supply during the growing season in the steppe zone conditions: in the wet period, the dry period, and the period of moisture restoration. It was found that during the drought, the intensity of transpiration increased significantly (P ˂ 0.05) compared to the wet period in the leaves of all introduced Chaenomeles plants, the most (by 1.6–1.7 times) in Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba, the least (by 1.3 times) in the leaves of Ch. × californica. Water deficit in the dry growing season in the leaves of all studied Chaenomeles plants increased significantly (P ˂ 0.05), the most in the leaves of Ch. catayensis (2.8 times compared to the wet period), the least in the leaves of Ch. spesiosa (in 2.0 times compared to the wet period). The level of water deficit in the leaves of both Chinese species was lower than that of Ch. japonica (18.85%). In the leaves of Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba was the fastest recovery of the water balance after drought, as well as the most effective regulation of the transpiration intensity level with the onset of drought and during the recovery period. Introduced plants of the species Ch. japonica, Ch. speciosa and Ch. × superba turned out to be the most adapted to vegetation in the conditions of the steppe climate, which is characterized by periods of drought.

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Section: результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

Specific features of the water regime of the genus Chaenomeles introduced plants in the steppe zone conditions

Lykholat

Davydov

Khromykh

et al. 2022

ean

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“…[13,14]. Weber (1964) reported that Cydonia, Malus and Pyrus L. could hybridize among themselves; thus, the various positions of Chaenomeles in different datasets suggests that the evolutionary origin of this genus may be complex, and likely involved hybridization [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pollen Morphology of the Genus Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae): Diagnostic Features and Implications for Taxonomy

Wang,

Huang,

et al. 2023

Diversity

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The taxonomic placements of Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae) and their intrageneric species have long been controversial. This research aims to explore the palynomorphological characters of all Chaenomeles extant species in detail and to compare the results with phylogenetic relationships and the taxonomic classification scheme. The pollen morphology of 30 individuals of six taxa of Chaenomeles was investigated using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollens were measured, observed and statistically analyzed for 12 quantitative features and 2 qualitative ones. The study revealed that the Chaenomeles pollens are monad, tri-colporate, medium in size (P = 32.78–42.74 μm, E = 30.42–36.31 μm) and prolatespheroidal to subprolate in shape (P/E = 0.98–1.35). Based on exine ornamentation observed under SEM, two sexine sculpture types (type I—striate with microperforations, type II—striate with macroperforations) and two subtypes (twisted-striate, reticulate-striate) were recognized in the genus. Statistical analysis identified some pollen characteristics with diagnostic importance, including pollen shape, colpus dimension, length or direction of striae and diameter of perforation. These characteristics may have diagnostic and taxonomic value for the genus Chaenomeles and the family Rosaceae. An artificial key to studied species, based on pollen micromorphological attributes, is also provided. The obtained result was basically consistent with that of molecular studies published earlier. This study, for the first time, provides palynological evidence for the hybrid origin hypothesis of C. sinensis and supports the placement of this species in the monotypic genus Pseudocydonia.

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Studies in the Maloideae (Rosaceae) 1- Chaenomeles Lindley and Cydonia Miller

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Specific features of the water regime of the genus Chaenomeles introduced plants in the steppe zone conditions

Specific features of the water regime of the genus Chaenomeles introduced plants in the steppe zone conditions

Comparative Pollen Morphology of the Genus Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae): Diagnostic Features and Implications for Taxonomy

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