Studies in the Psychology of Senility a Survey

Granick, Samuel

doi:10.1093/geronj/5.1.44

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The original chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway proposed by Granick (1950) involves at one stage (see Scheme 1) the reduction of 3,8-divinylprotochlorophyllide (DVPchlide) catalysed by a putative 8-vinyl reductase enzyme. The product, 3-vinyl protochlorophyllide (MVPchlide), acts as a substrate for the lightdependent step of the pathway, namely the 17-18 reduction, evidenced by accumulation of MVPchlide at relatively high levels when higher plants are grown in darkness (Loeffler, 1955) and its subsequent conversion into chlorophyll a on illumination (Wolff and Price, 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

8-vinyl reduction and chlorophyll a biosynthesis in higher plants

Whyte

Griffiths

1993

Biochemical Journal

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A technique involving solid-phase extractions and polyethylene h.p.l.c. suitable for the routine compositional analysis of the total protochlorophyllide pool of plants is described. The resynthesis kinetics of the individual components of the pool have been studied in briefly illuminated etiolated tissue of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) during subsequent redarkening. The data are interpreted in terms of a precursor-product relationship between the di- and mono-vinyl analogues of protochlorophyllide during their reaccumulation in darkness. The interconversion is assumed to be catalysed by an 8-vinyl reductase, which shows greater activity in wheat than in cucumber. Analyses of the redox state of the nicotinamide nucleotide of the pool during the process are compatible with NADPH as the cofactor of the putative reductase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

8-vinyl reduction and chlorophyll a biosynthesis in higher plants

Whyte

Griffiths

1993

Biochemical Journal

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“…Enzymatic work on the aerobic cyclase has been performed with cell extract of cucumber (11,12). Biochemical characterization has shown that the oxidative cyclase needs NADPH, Fe 2ϩ , and O 2 (13), and it has been suggested that the cyclization reaction goes through ␤-oxidation of the 6-methylpropionate side chain to a methyl-␤-ketopropionate group and cyclization to protochlorophyllide (12,14,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Xantha-l encodes a membrane subunit of the aerobic Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis

Rzeznicka

Walker

Westergren

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

101

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Chlorophyll biosynthesis is a process involving Ϸ20 different enzymatic steps. Half of these steps are common to the biosynthesis of other tetrapyrroles, such as heme. One of the least understood enzymatic steps is formation of the isocyclic ring, which is a characteristic feature of all (bacterio)chlorophyll molecules. In chloroplasts, formation of the isocyclic ring is an aerobic reaction catalyzed by Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase. An in vitro assay for the aerobic cyclase reaction required membranebound and soluble components from the chloroplasts. Extracts from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutants at the Xantha-l and Viridis-k loci showed no cyclase activity. Fractionation of isolated plastids by Percoll gradient centrifugation showed that xantha-l and viridis-k mutants are defective in components associated with chloroplast membranes. The Xantha-l gene, corresponding to Arabidopsis thaliana CHL27, Rubrivivax gelatinosus acsF, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CRD1, and CTH1 and situated at the short arm of barley chromosome 3 (3H), was cloned, and the mutations in xantha-l 35 , xantha-l 81 , and xantha-l 82 were characterized. This finding connected biochemical and genetic data because it demonstrated that Xantha-l encodes a membrane-bound cyclase subunit. The evidence suggests that the aerobic cyclase requires at least one soluble and two membrane-bound components.barley ͉ acsF ͉ CHL27 ͉ CRD1 ͉ mutant

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“…Until fairly recently, research and its application tended to be concerned with the developmental processes and characteristics of children and young adults. The latter part of the life cycle was, however, not entirely neglected, particularly during the two decades preceding World War II 3 . A review published in 1942 of the psychologic aspects of aging 4 demonstrated that extensive data had been generated that led to some fundamental insights about human aging in relation to such areas as sensation, perception, intelligence, interests, speed of reactions, memory, learning, motivation, and participation in activities.…”

Section: Background Information On Psychologic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychologic Assessment Technology for Geriatric Practice

Granick

1983

J American Geriatrics Society

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Psychologic assessment is an integral aspect of the comprehensive functional assessment of geriatric patients. Medical areas in which psychologic testing and evaluation can be of significant service in the diagnosis and formulation of treatment plans include psychiatric and neurologic disturbances, psychosomatic disorders, circulatory diseases (especially hypertension), diabetes, chronic pain, sexual dysfunctions, and gastrointestinal problems. In the effort to gain an understanding of the total patient, it is important to clarify the effect of physical condition on a person's psychologic reactions as well as the impact of psychologic states on his/her biologic status. This orientation is particularly important in dealing with elderly patients because the interaction between the physical and the psychologic in this age group is exceedingly strong and significant. Despite the fact that research in the psychology of the aged is of long standing, the attention given by clinical psychologists to the provision of services to geriatric patients has been quite limited until recently. Many psychologic tests have been developed during the past 70 years, but relatively few of them have been standardized for use with the aged. Of late, however, this has been changing. Several tests have been adapted, and some new ones have been organized with the needs and characteristics of the aged in mind. Closer attention has been paid to psychometric principles in the development of the tests, leading to the organization of useful norms and the demonstration of proper levels of reliability and validity. Accordingly, the state of the art of psychologic assessment of the aged is currently rather limited, but the outlook for the near future appears encouraging. In evaluating the condition of a geriatric patient, the clinical psychologist normally generates data through observations, testing, and interviewing. The resulting report covers the following areas: 1) adaptation to the examination and behavioral characteristics during the procedure, 2) cognitive functioning, 3) visual motor coordination and perception of spatial relationships, and 4) personality characteristics and mental health status. Data for the first area are normally derived by the examiner from observations and subjective impressions of the patient's behavior. For each of the other areas the information is obtained through standardized tests. In this discussion, some of the principal assessments that are currently available are reviewed and evaluated for their usefulness with the aged.

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Studies in the Psychology of Senility a Survey

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

8-vinyl reduction and chlorophyll a biosynthesis in higher plants

8-vinyl reduction and chlorophyll a biosynthesis in higher plants

Xantha-l encodes a membrane subunit of the aerobic Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis

Psychologic Assessment Technology for Geriatric Practice

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