Studies of Botrytis cinerea causing botrytis gray mold disease in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Abstract

Context: To investigate the morphological and pathological information on causal organism Botrytis cinerea for better understanding of the infection process and controlling outbreaks of the most damaging disease, Botrytis Gray Mold (BGM),of chickpea. Objectives: To study the cultural and morphological characteristics and growth requirements of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr. This study was also aimed to know about the cytological and genetic behavior of B. cinerea in relation to its pathogenicity and the infection process on chickpea. Materials and Methods: A total of 83 isolates of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex. Fr. collected from the major chickpea growing areas of Bangladesh were studied under 5 and 2 different groups based on their cultural and morphological characteristics, respectively. Four different types of isolates were observed and characterized considering the arrangement of sclerotia by growing them on PDA. Cultural characteristics such as colony color, shape, margin and texture of B. cinerea isolates were observed on the prepared PDA medium. Morphological characteristics in terms of sclerotia color, shape and size, ability of sclerotia production and their arrangement were observed on PDA medium after three days of incubation at 20 0 C. The prepared samples were placed in a platinum coater providing 10 mA current flow and then placed into the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for obtaining the image. The conidial observation was taken using aqua suspension under the fluorescence microscope at 19V/100W. SEM observation was made to study the infection process of B. cinerea. Data on quantitative and qualitative cultural characteristics were put into analytical software 'SPSS 11.5 for Windows' and nonhierarchical clustering was performed. Results: The mean sizes of five isolates of B. cinerea were 8.02-12.3x 5.1-9.0 µm (volume 158.12-445.38 µm 3 ). The pathogen B. cinerea grew well on malt-extract agar (MEA) and chickpea dextrose agar (CDA) medium. The highest (81.26 mm) average mycelial radial growth was obtained on MEA followed by CDA (81.11 mm). Maximum disease in the shortest incubation period was produced with the inoculum concentration of 2.5×10 4 . More pathogenicity and higher disease score was performed by the isolates containing higher mean number of nucleus per conidia than the isolates containing lower values. Optimum temperature and incubation time for conidial germination was observed at 20 0 C and 24 h, respectively. More than 90% relative humidity was needed for the germination of B. cinerea conidia. B. cinerea survived in all plant parts up to next cropping season. Sclerotia of B. cinerea were also found to survive in the soil up to 9 months. All the 5 isolates of B. cinerea remained viable after 3 years of storage in sterile water at -80 0 C and in sand at 4 0 C with same pathogenicity. Conclusion:The cyto-pathological observations including cultural and morphological information of the causal pathogen B. cinerea might be useful in controlling the outbreaks of the disease BGM and ...

First Report of Gray Mold of Strawberry Caused by Botrytis cinereain Sindh Province of Pakistan

“…Isolation and identification of the pathogen causing gray mold: Disease specimens were taken from some parts of infected plants, like fruits, leaves and flowers after collecting the infected samples were brought to the plant pathology laboratory for isolation and identification of the pathogen according to Ahmed et al (2007). The samples were surface sterilized with distilled water and after that dipped into 0.4% (Bleach) for 1 minute.…”

“…Later, samples were placed on sterile PDA plates followed by the incubation at 25+1 °C for 5-8 days. After inoculation fungus was isolated, then it was identified with the help of microscope according to Ahmed et al, (2007) and with the help of characteristics of fungus mentioned in the book "The isolation and identification of fungi" by Frank. M. Dugan (2005).…”

Screening for Insecticidal Potential of the Chickpea Plant Cicer Arietinum (L.) Against Three Stored Grain Pests Callosobruchus Chinensis (L.), Sitophilus Oryzae (L.) And Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst) Adults Under Laboratory Conditions

“…It is mostly grown as a winter crop in Asia, Europe, Australia, and North America; Southeast Asia accounts for over 80% of global output, with India being the leading producer (Shukla et al 2012;Rachwa-Rosiak et al 2015). In the world, nearly 11.12 million hectares of land are used to grow chickpeas, contributing 8.62 million tonnes of grain to the world's food supply (Ahmed et al 2014). This plant is grown in semi-dry conditions and on poor agricultural grade soils, which, gotten together with its vulnerability to drought and devastating parasitic contaminations, results in yields of less than 1 ton per hectare, which is amazingly under the speculative potential.…”