Studies of Canine Respiratory Viruses. I. Experimental Infection of Dogs With an Sv5-Like Canine Parainfluenza Agent1

Abstract

and J. S. Reif. Studies of canine respiratory viruses. I. Experimental infection of dogs with an SV5-like canine parainfluenza agent. Amer J Epidem 94: 147-165, 1971.-A parainfluenza virus which was recovered from a case of kennel cough at the University of Pennsylvania kennels was found capable of infecting all dogs without pre-existing antibodies on introduction into the nasopharynx, as proven by virus recovery, for 5 to 9 days after inoculation and by rises in specific antibodies. The infection was readily transmitted to primary and secondary contacts, providing exposure was initiated during the virus shedding period. Dogs found to have had serum neutralizing antibody previous to experimental exposure to the virus did not become infected. Similarly, dogs with antibodies induced by experimental infection were resistant to re-infection when challenged by nasopharyngeal inoculation 70 days after their first exposure. About 60% of the dogs infected by either inoculation or contact developed clinical signs of tracheobronchitis. The characteristic sign consisted of spontaneous cough which lasted for 2 to 12 plus days. Evidence of pulmonary disease was confirmed by radiologic and post-mortem examination. Histopathologic lesions included interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Treatment with cortisone did not influence the susceptibility of the animals to the virus or enhance the severity of the disease. Although the neutralizing (HAD-N) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies occasionally appeared in the early part of the second week, peak HI titers were reached between 14 and 21 days while maximal HAD-N levels occurred at about 30 days. About 3J^ months after infection, titers ranging from 1:32 to 1:128 were still detectable when assayed by either test. Seventeen of 60 (28%) dogs admitted to the clinic for any reason were found to have significant-levels of HAD-N antibody to the virus. The virus was found to be antigenically related but distinguishable from the simian virus, SV5. antibodies; dog diseases; infection, experimental; kennel cough; parainfluenza viruses; respiratory tract diseases; tracheobronchitis, canine In searches aimed at establishing the cough," a number of viral agents have been etiology of canine tracheobronchitis or la-implicated, ryngotracheitis, also known as "kennel Ditchfield et al.

Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Hemagglutinin of Influenza A Virus H5N1 Protected Mice against Lethal Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Challenge

“…The virus was renamed parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) by the ITCV in 2009. It is believed that PIV5 contributes to kennel cough in dogs (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Even though infection of dogs with PIV5 did not lead to kennel cough (20,21), kennel cough vaccines containing live-attenuated PIV5 have been used on dogs for more than 30 years without raising any safety concerns for dogs or humans.…”

Acute Encephalitis and Hydrocephalus in Dogs Caused by Canine Parainfluenza Virus

“…The significance of mumps virus findings should be interpreted cautiously, particularly in view of SV-5 antibodies in guinea pig serum commonly used as a source of complement in complement-fixation procedures [4]. A cross-reaction between mumps virus and SV-5 hyperimmune serum has been demonstrated [41]. J u d g q by the data presented in that study, it is possible that the mumps virus-related encephalitic syndrome described by these authors was, in reality, caused by canine parainfluenza virus.…”

“…Since the first isolation of a canine parainfluenza virus from a dog with a respiratory disease [5], canine parainfluenza viruses in dogs have been manifested as infections restricted to the respiratory tract [2]. Clinical signs vary from a dry cough [2] to pneumonia [41]. Mortality rates are low.…”

Canine respiratory viruses

“…Subsequent studies revealed that the virus was frequent in dogs with respiratory disease [11,22,42,110,137,158], suggesting a key role, along with Bordetella bronchiseptica, in the aetiology of ITB.…”

“…Small amounts of virus can be recovered from the local lymph nodes, but not from other lymphatic tissues. In naturally infected dogs, simultaneous infections with other viral and bacterial agents are quite common and clinical signs may be more severe [2,22,137].…”