Studies of carbonyl sulfide toxicity: Metabolism by carbonic anhydrase

Chengelis, Christopher P.; Neal, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(80)90236-7

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When the soil temperature was above 25 • C, weak emissions were measured from the W1 and F soils, whereas W2 remaned negative (uptake). Carbonic anhydrase (CA) has been recognized as the key enzyme for the uptake of COS by different biological organisms (Chengelis and Neal, 1979;Chengelis and Neal, 1980;Miller et al, 1989;Badger and Price, 1990;Protoschill-Krebs and Kesselmeier, 1992;Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1995;Protoschill-Krebs et al, 1996;. As mentioned by Kesselmeier et al (1999), the activity of the enzyme should be responsible for the variation of COS exchange rates under different temperatures.…”

Section: Cos Exchange Rates Under Varying Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soils were previously considered to represent one of the dominant sources for atmospheric COS (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984;Chin and Davis, 1993). However, recently, field studies and laboratory simulations have presented convincing evidence that soils act more as a sink than as a source for COS (Castro and Galloway, 1991;Fried et al, 1993;de Mello and Hines, 1994;Kesselmeier et al, 1999;Kettle et al, 2002;Geng and Mu, 2004;Yi et al, 2007Yi et al, , 2008Van Diest and Kesselmeier, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Liu

Geng

et al. 2010

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Using a dynamic enclosure, the exchange rates of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and 18 soils from 12 provinces in China were investigated. The emission or uptake of COS from the soils was highly dependent on the soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, and atmospheric COS mixing ratio. In general, with the only exception being paddy soils, the soils in this investigation acted as sinks for atmospheric COS under wide ranges of soil temperature and soil moisture. Two intensively investigated wheat soils and one forest soil had optimal soil temperatures for COS uptake of around 15 • C, and the optimal soil water content varied from 13% to 58%. COS emission rates from the two paddy soils increased exponentially with increment of the soil temperature, and decreased with increasing the soil water content. However, negligible emission was found when the paddy soils were under waterlogging status. The observed compensation points for various soils were different and increased significantly with soil temperature. The laboratory simulation agreed with the preliminary field measurements for the paddy soil in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province.

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Section: Cos Exchange Rates Under Varying Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Liu

Geng

et al. 2010

Biogeosciences

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“…Furthermore, the close relationship between COS and CO 2 uptake enhances discussions to use COS as a tracer for canopy photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance (Wohlfahrt et al, 2012;Seibt et al, 2010). The role of CA has also been demonstrated in cases of lichens and soils (Kesselmeier et al, 1999;Van Diest and Kesselmeier, 2008), thus demonstrating the dominant role of this enzyme which is obviously also responsible for the toxicity of inhaled COS due to metabolization to hydrogen sulfide (Thiess et al, 1968;Chengelis and Neal, 1980). Of special interest within this context are recent findings about the identification of a CS 2 hydrolase acting similarly to carbonic anhydrase by splitting CS 2 into H 2 S and CO 2 in a thermophilic Archeon obtaining energy from reduced sulfur compounds (Smeulders et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Global change forces ecosystems to adapt to elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). We understand that carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas which is involved in building up the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer, is taken up by vegetation with the same triad of the enzymes which are metabolizing CO 2 , i.e. ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP-Co) and carbonic anhydrase (CA). Therefore, we discuss a physiological/biochemical acclimation of these enzymes affecting the sink strength of vegetation for COS. We investigated the acclimation of two European tree species, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus ilex, grown inside chambers under elevated CO 2 , and determined the exchange characteristics and the content of CA after a 1-2 yr period of acclimation from 350 ppm to 800 ppm CO 2 . We demonstrate that a compensation point, by definition, does not exist. Instead, we propose to discuss a point of uptake affinity (PUA). The results indicate that such a PUA, the CA activity and the deposition velocities may change and may cause a decrease of the COS uptake by plant ecosystems, at least as long as the enzyme acclimation to CO 2 is not surpassed by an increase of atmospheric COS. As a consequence, the atmospheric COS level may rise causing an increase of the radiative forcing in the troposphere. However, this increase is counterbalanced by the stronger input of this trace gas into the stratosphere causing a stronger energy reflection by the stratospheric sulfur aerosol into space (Brühl et al., 2012). These data are very preliminary but may trigger a discussion on COS uptake acclimation to foster measurements with modern analytical instruments.

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“…COS is a substrate for CA and as such it is a competitive inhibitor of CA-catalyzed conversion of HC03-to CO2 and OH- (7,8). Thus, COS may inhibit the algal CO2 pump by inhibiting CA, as does acetazolamide or ethoxyzolamide (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Oxysulfide Inhibition of the CO₂-Concentrating Process of Unicellular Green Algae

Goyal

Shiraiwa²,

Tolbert³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Carbonyl sulfide (COS), a substrate for carbonic anhydrase, inhibited alkalization of the medium, 02 evolution, dissolved inorganic carbon accumulation, and photosynthetic CO2 fixation at pH 7 or higher by five species of unicellular green algae that had been air-adapted for forming a C02-concentrating process. This COS inhibition can be attributed to inhibition of extenal HC03-conversion to CO2 and OH-by the carbonic anhydrase component of an active CO2 pump. At a low pH of 5 to 6, COS stimulated 02 evolution during photosynthesis by algae with low CO2 in the media without alkalization of the media. This is attributed to some COS hydrolysis by carbonic anhydrase to CO2. Although COS had less effect on HC03-accumulation at pH 9 by a HCO3-pump in Scenedesmus, COS reduced 02 evolution probably by inhibiting internal carbonic anhydrases. Because COS is hydrolyzed to CO2 and H2S, its inhibition of the CO2 pump activity and photosynthesis is not accurate, when measured by 02 evolution, by NaH'4CO3 accumulation, or by 14CO2 fixation. Unicellular green algae, Chlamydomonas, (3, 18), Dunaliella (12), Chlorella (17), Scenesdesmus (1 1, 22), and species of Cyanobacteria (1), when grown or adapted at air levels of C02, form a DIC3-concentrating mechanism, which is suppressed when grown with elevated levels of CO2 (1-5% CO2 in air v/v). Depending on the pH of the medium and algal species, both HCO3-and/or CO2 may enter the cells. Many unicellular green algae have only a CO2 pump, but Scenedesmus has both a CO2 pump and HC03-pump (22

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Studies of carbonyl sulfide toxicity: Metabolism by carbonic anhydrase

Cited by 71 publications

References 7 publications

Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Carbon Oxysulfide Inhibition of the CO₂-Concentrating Process of Unicellular Green Algae

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Studies of carbonyl sulfide toxicity: Metabolism by carbonic anhydrase

Cited by 71 publications

References 7 publications

Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between the atmosphere and various soils in China

Observations of the uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by trees under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Carbon Oxysulfide Inhibition of the CO2-Concentrating Process of Unicellular Green Algae

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Carbon Oxysulfide Inhibition of the CO₂-Concentrating Process of Unicellular Green Algae