Studies of Ceratosolen galili, a Non-Pollinating Agaonid Fig Wasp

Compton, Stephen G.; Holton, Kim; Rashbrook, V. K.; Noort, Simon van; Savolainen, Vincent; Ware, Anthony B.

doi:10.2307/2388305

Cited by 75 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…According to existing data the remaining genera are exclusively active. For the special case of C. galili, the pollination behaviour was coded as absent' because that species does not pollinate its host ¢g (Galil & Eisikowitch 1969;Compton et al 1991). Characters were mapped on the ML phylogeny using the program MacClade, v. 3.0 (Maddison & Maddison 1992).…”

Section: (D) Molecular Clock Calibrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive pollinators from those lineages show vestigial or reduced pollen pockets (E. Jousselin and F. Kjellberg, unpublished data), suggesting that the inference of multiple transitions from active to passive pollination is correct. In addition, there has been one transition from active to no pollination in C. galili, which e¡ectively represents a transformation of the mutualism into parasitism (Galil & Eisikowitch 1968, 1969Compton et al 1991). Fig-pollinating wasp evolution C …”

Section: (A) Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of fig-pollinating wasps

Machado

Jousselin

Kjellberg

et al. 2001

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

240

281

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Nucleotide sequences from the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among 15 genera of ¢g-pollinating wasps. We present evidence supporting broad-level cocladogenesis with respect to most but not all of the corresponding groups of ¢gs. Using fossil evidence for calibrating a molecular clock for these data, we estimated the origin of the ¢g^wasp mutualism to have occurred ca. 90 million years ago. The estimated divergence times among the pollinator genera and their current geographical distributions corresponded well with several features of the break-up of the southern continents during the Late Cretaceous period. We then explored the evolutionary trajectories of two characteristics that hold profound consequences for both partners in the mutualism: the breeding system of the host (monoecious or dioecious) and pollination behaviour of the wasp (passive or active). The ¢gŵ asp mutualism exhibits extraordinarily long-term evolutionary stability despite clearly identi¢able con£icts of interest between the interactors, which are re£ected by the very distinct variations found on the basic mutualistic theme.

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Section: (D) Molecular Clock Calibrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (A) Phylogenetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of fig-pollinating wasps

Machado

Jousselin

Kjellberg

et al. 2001

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

240

281

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“…In some cases, the two wasp species pollinating the same Ficus species are associated with different environments [8]. In other cases, one of the two sympatric species is a non-pollinating agaonid [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral volatiles, pollinator sharing and diversification in the fig–wasp mutualism: insights from Ficus natalensis , and its two wasp pollinators (South Africa)

et al. 2011

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Combining biogeographic, ecological, morphological, molecular and chemical data, we document departure from strict specialization in the fig-pollinating wasp mutualism. We show that the pollinating wasps Elisabethiella stuckenbergi and Elisabethiella socotrensis form a species complex of five lineages in East and Southern Africa. Up to two morphologically distinct lineages were found to co-occur locally in the southern African region. Wasps belonging to a single lineage were frequently the main regional pollinators of several Ficus species. In South Africa, two sister lineages, E. stuckenbergi and E. socotrensis, pollinate Ficus natalensis but only E. stuckenbergi also regularly pollinates Ficus burkei. The two wasp species co-occur in individual trees of F. natalensis throughout KwaZulu-Natal. Floral volatile blends emitted by F. natalensis in KwaZulu-Natal were similar to those emitted by F. burkei and different from those produced by other African Ficus species. The fig odour similarity suggests evolutionary convergence to attract particular wasp species. The observed pattern may result from selection for pollinator sharing among Ficus species. Such a process, with one wasp species regionally pollinating several hosts, but several wasp species pollinating a given Ficus species across its geographical range could play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of the Ficus-pollinating wasp association.

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“…This is suggested by the fact that P. barbarus only occurred in syconia that also contained E. stuckenbergi. Alternatively, entry after the "legitimate" agaonid pollinator may ensure a degree of pollination and reduce the risk of syconium abortion ( [34,35] but see [24,30]), and/or increase the likelihood that all P. barbarus offspring develop fully [36,37]. Finally, we cannot rule out that P. barbarus may be a parasite that usurps the galls of pollinators rather than inducing its own.…”

Section: Isrn Zoologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Some of these internally ovipositing nonpollinating fig wasps (henceforth "INPFWs") gall ovules and have herbivorous larvae [19], whereas others rely on the presence of pollinating wasps to develop [20,21]. Jousselin et al [22] found that some INPFWs are passive pollinators of the trees so they can have positive or negative effects on both mutualists [21,[23][24][25]. However, the ovule layers INPFWs favour for oviposition, if any, are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Stratification of Internally and Externally Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps and Their Effects on Pollinator and Seed Abundance in Ficus burkei

2012

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Fig trees (Ficus spp.) are pollinated by tiny wasps that enter their enclosed inflorescences (syconia). The wasp larvae also consume some fig ovules, which negatively affects seed production. Within syconia, pollinator larvae mature mostly in the inner ovules whereas seeds develop mostly in outer ovules-a stratification pattern that enables mutualism persistence. Pollinators may prefer inner ovules because they provide enemy-free space from externally ovipositing parasitic wasps. In some Australasian Ficus, this results in spatial segregation of pollinator and parasite offspring within syconia, with parasites occurring in shorter ovules than pollinators. Australian figs lack non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW) that enter syconia to oviposit, but these occur in Africa and Asia, and may affect mutualist reproduction via parasitism or seed predation. We studied the African fig, F. burkei, and found a similar general spatial pattern of pollinators and NPFWs within syconia as in Australasian figs. However, larvae of the NPFW Philocaenus barbarus, which enters syconia, occurred in inner ovules. Philocaenus barbarus reduced pollinator abundance but not seed production, because its larvae replaced pollinators in their favoured inner ovules. Our data support a widespread role for NPFWs in contributing to factors preventing host overexploitation in fig-pollinator mutualisms.

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Studies of Ceratosolen galili, a Non-Pollinating Agaonid Fig Wasp

Cited by 75 publications

References 4 publications

Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of fig-pollinating wasps

Phylogenetic relationships, historical biogeography and character evolution of fig-pollinating wasps

Floral volatiles, pollinator sharing and diversification in the fig–wasp mutualism: insights from Ficus natalensis , and its two wasp pollinators (South Africa)

Spatial Stratification of Internally and Externally Non-Pollinating Fig Wasps and Their Effects on Pollinator and Seed Abundance in Ficus burkei

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