Studies of child safety restraint use in motor vehicles—Some methodological considerations

Webb, Gloria R.; Bowman, Jenny; Sanson‐Fisher, Rob

doi:10.1016/0001-4575(88)90026-7

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Observational surveys have long been the most common method used to assess restraint use (Nelson, 1996;Webb et al, 1988;Eby et al, 2005). In the 1997 survey, Transport Canada collected child restraint data by placing observers at intersections that record use/misuse of safety seats as vehicles drive by (Transport Canada, 1998), which has been the traditional methodology of their yearly adult seatbelt use surveys (Boase et al, 2004;Transport Canada, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology of estimating restraint use in children: Roadside observation or parking lot interview survey

Snowdon

Rothman

Slater

et al. 2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology of estimating restraint use in children: Roadside observation or parking lot interview survey

Snowdon

Rothman

Slater

et al. 2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…[12][13][14][15][16] Findings from these earlier studies identified two categories of non-use: driver attitudes and design problems. [14][15][16][17] In the 1990s, a North American study found that drivers were dissatisfied with CRD design, particularly the mechanisms for installing CRDs in vehicles. 18 A national survey has been proposed to determine current levels of CRD use, correct and incorrect, and the barriers to their use in New Zealand.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining child restraint use and barriers to their use: lessons from a pilot study

Simpson

Wren²,

Chalmers³

et al. 2003

Inj Prev

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Objective: To determine the suitability of four research methods to measure the rate of child restraint device (CRD) use and incorrect use in New Zealand and obtain data on barriers to CRD use. Design and setting: To assess the rates of CRD use among vehicles carrying children 8 years of age and under, two methods were piloted-namely, an unobtrusive observational survey and a short interview and close inspection. A self administered questionnaire and focus group interviews were also piloted to assess CRD use, reasons for use and non-use, and to obtain information on barriers to their use. Respondents to all methods except the focus groups were approached in supermarket car park sites at randomly selected times. Focus groups were established with parents identified through early childhood organisations. All methods were assessed on criteria related to efficiency, representativeness, and ability to obtain the necessary data. Results: The observational survey provided a simple method for identifying rates of CRD use, while the self administered questionnaire obtained data on demographic characteristics and reported the installation and use/non-use of CRDs. The interview/inspection addressed all the questions of both the above methods and enabled incorrect CRD use to be examined. The focus groups provided the most meaningful information of all methods on barriers to CRD use. Discussion and conclusion: Advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed and some refinements of the original instruments are proposed. The interview/inspection and focus group methods were identified as being more appropriate for efficiently obtaining reliable data on CRD use and identification of barriers to CRD use.

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“…This has been previously recorded. [10][11][12] Unsurprisingly, families with more children were less likely to have all children restrained. Thus, one of the challenges for injury prevention practitioners and policy makers is how to improve child restraint use for large families from lower socioeconomic groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of child restraint/seatbelt usage in motor vehicles by Maori in Northland New Zealand

Brewin

Peters²

2003

Inj Prev

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Objective: To investigate child restraint/seatbelt use by the indigenous (Maori) population in Northland New Zealand. Method: Observational surveys were conducted at the two main car parks (McDonald's and the largest supermarket) to determine the number of passengers restrained, the type of restraints, and correct use. Observations were restricted to those who were obviously Maori, based upon the local knowledge of the observer. In addition, face to face questionnaires were administered to Maori whanau/caregivers involved in the care of two or more children for more than three days a week. Results: A total of 788 participants were observed. Babies were those most likely to have all occupants restrained correctly (97%), followed by toddlers (66%), adults (56%), and school age children (48%); 138 interviews were conducted. Females (86%) were significantly more likely to ensure that all passengers were restrained on short journeys compared to males (67%; p<0.05). Respondents under 45 (80%) were significantly less likely to restrain child passengers compared to people aged 45 or older (91%; p<0.05). Discussion: This study highlights the problem that larger families in this study had in providing correct child restraints for all their children. I nternationally and in New Zealand, motor vehicle injuries are the leading causes of death for children between the ages 1-14 years.1 2 For adults it is the second highest cause of injury deaths.2 Thirty eight percent of all injury deaths are due to motor vehicle injuries.2 Within New Zealand, the rate of motor vehicle occupant deaths 3 and injuries 4 is higher for Maori (indigenous people of New Zealand) than for nonMaori children aged 1-14 years. Despite 1995 legislation that requires all children 5 years and under to use restraints and all other children to wear seatbelts, 5 levels of use in New Zealand are less than optimal.6 7 Anecdotal evidence suggests that the level of use by Maori is lower than the general population. Recent statistics released by the Land Transport Safety Authority indicate that the Northland region of New Zealand had one of the lowest child restraint wearing rates-69% in comparison with 79% in the general population. 8 This study was based in the Northland region where Maori represented 31% of the population in 1996.9 Many towns have established child car seat rental schemes including three in the Northland town of Kaitaia.The aims of the study were to: (1) describe the level of car restraint use among children and adults in this community and (2) describe attitudes to child restraint/seatbelt usage by Maori, whanau (family). METHODSTwo methods were used. First, observational surveys were used to gain information on the number of passengers in the vehicles, the number of passengers restrained, the type of restraints, and correct use of restraints, as well as the make and age of the vehicle. The passengers were categorised into babies; toddlers, school age children, and adults and the use of age appropriate restraints noted. Observations took place ...

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Studies of child safety restraint use in motor vehicles—Some methodological considerations

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Methodology of estimating restraint use in children: Roadside observation or parking lot interview survey

Methodology of estimating restraint use in children: Roadside observation or parking lot interview survey

Examining child restraint use and barriers to their use: lessons from a pilot study

An investigation of child restraint/seatbelt usage in motor vehicles by Maori in Northland New Zealand

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