Studies of Climate Change with Statistical-Dynamical Models: A Review

Abstract

The cause-effect relationship is not always possible to trace in GCMs because of the simultaneous inclusion of several highly complex physical processes. Furthermore, the inter-GCM differences are large and there is no simple way to reconcile them. So, simple climate models, like statisticaldynamical models (SDMs), appear to be useful in this context. This kind of models is essentially mechanistic, being directed towards understanding the dependence of a particular mechanism on the other parameters of the problem. In this paper, the utility of SDMs for studies of climate change is discussed in some detail. We show that these models are an indispensable part of hierarchy of climate models.

Comprehensive Assessment of Global Surface Net Radiation Products and Uncertainty Analysis

“…The ERA-Interim calculated radiation records based on the Rapid Radiation Transfer Model (Mlawer et al, 1997). The MERRA2 longwave radiative processes are described in Suarex and Chou (1994) and the shortwave radiative processes are based on Chou and Suarez (1999). The JRA-55 calculated longwave radiation fluxes via the band emissivity method with diffusivity approximation and shortwave radiation fluxes are computed by a two-stream method using the Delta-Eddington approximation (Joseph et al, 1976).…”

Assessing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and agricultural innovation systems in the Niger Delta

“…Water availability is an important issue in crop farming, as water is very essential for plant development. Several studies (Apata, 2010;Franchito & Rao, 2015;Molua & Lambi, 2007;Pindyck, 2013;Rahman et al, 2017) have highlight the importance of adequate water supply for crop production. Authors like Bannayan et al (2011) and Ikehi et al (2021) further linked level of water availability to profitability of farming businesses and the sustainability of livelihood among rural farmers.…”

Recent Trends and Future Predictions until 2060 of Urban Warming in Four Israeli Cities Employing the RegCM Climate Model

“…Most UHI studies have focused on cities at mid and high latitudes, which show strong seasonal variation; it was thus assumed that in subtropical cities of similar population size, UHI intensity would be relatively lower [30]. In addition, most climate models incorporate large-scale patterns, making it impossible to accurately simulate sub-grid-scale physical processes [16] [18] that are particularly noticeable in small countries such as Israel. Therefore, the present methodology can be employed as a tool to study and better understand climate change in urban localities such as Israeli cities.…”

“…Recent studies, based on the rate of observed urban warming, predict that the combined impact of global warming (GW) and urban warming on human thermal sensation will significantly increase in the coming years [14]. Of these, only a few climate model studies have focused on subtropical climates, and even fewer have dealt with arid climates [15] [16] [17]. Furthermore, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the magnitude of warming according to any given scenario due to the effect of changes in atmospheric composition and changing regional land uses.…”

“…Because they incorporate large-scale patterns of past climate change but not the magnitude of change by region, efforts to reduce model-related uncertainty of climate prediction, based on the parameter limitations, have been initiated [18]. We should note that the complex physical processes often make it impossible to trace these effects in GCMs [16]. In addition, the available climate models generally have insufficient spatial resolution when applied to small countries like Israel.…”