Studies of crystallinity of Scots pine and Norway spruce cellulose

Andersson, Seppo; Wikberg, Hanne; Pesonen, Erkki; Maunu, Sirkka Liisa; Serimaa, Ritva

doi:10.1007/s00468-003-0312-9

Cited by 90 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, softwood species contain cellulose of 52 to 62% crystallinity (1,24) and the value for switchgrass is 55% (12), which compares with a value of 65% for poplar (38). This higher value is close to the range (66 to 75%) for the form of cellulose (Avicel) (18) used as a model substrate in the growth studies reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Not many microorganisms are able to degrade pure crystalline cellulose, and the cellulose in plant biomass has a high order of crystallinity and is even less accessible to microbial or enzymatic attack (1,(12)(13)(14). Aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms usually secrete (hemi)cellulolytic enzymes containing carbohydrate-binding modules that serve to bind the catalytic domains to insoluble substrates.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Yang

Kataeva

Hamilton-Brehm

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

190

184

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Very few cultivated microorganisms can degrade lignocellulosic biomass without chemical pretreatment. We show here that "Anaerocellum thermophilum" DSM 6725, an anaerobic bacterium that grows optimally at 75°C, efficiently utilizes various types of untreated plant biomass, as well as crystalline cellulose and xylan. These include hardwoods such as poplar, low-lignin grasses such as napier and Bermuda grasses, and high-lignin grasses such as switchgrass. The organism did not utilize only the soluble fraction of the untreated biomass, since insoluble plant biomass (as well as cellulose and xylan) obtained after washing at 75°C for 18 h also served as a growth substrate. The predominant end products from all growth substrates were hydrogen, acetate, and lactate. Glucose and cellobiose (on crystalline cellulose) and xylose and xylobiose (on xylan) also accumulated in the growth media during growth on the defined substrates but not during growth on the plant biomass. A. thermophilum DSM 6725 grew well on first-and second-spent biomass derived from poplar and switchgrass, where spent biomass is defined as the insoluble growth substrate recovered after the organism has reached late stationary phase. No evidence was found for the direct attachment of A. thermophilum DSM 6725 to the plant biomass. This organism differs from the closely related strain A. thermophilum Z-1320 in its ability to grow on xylose and pectin. Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus DSM 8903 (optimum growth temperature, 70°C), a close relative of A. thermophilum DSM 6725, grew well on switchgrass but not on poplar, indicating a significant difference in the biomass-degrading abilities of these two otherwise very similar organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Yang

Kataeva

Hamilton-Brehm

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

190

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2) MCC was partially crystalline cellulose I, with a large thickness of crystallites, B 200 = 7.4±0.1 nm. For comparison, for commercial microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel, the thickness of crystallites B 200 is 4.7 nm [31]. By comparing XRD results for the pure MCC and the MCC-Cu nanocomposites it was concluded that the nanoparticle formation did not affect the semi-crystalline structure of MCC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper and copper oxide nanoparticles in a cellulose support studied using anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Microcrystalline cellulose is a porous natural material which can be used both as a support for nanoparticles and as a reducer of metal ions. Cellulose supported nanoparticles can act as catalysts in many reactions. Cu, CuO, and Cu2O particles were prepared in microcrystalline cellulose by adding a solution of copper salt to the insoluble cellulose matrix and by reducing the copper ions with several reducers. The porous nanocomposites were studied using anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS), x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Reduction of Cu 2+ with cellulose in ammonium hydrate medium yielded crystalline CuO nanoparticles and the crystallite size was about 6 -20 nm irrespective of the copper concentration. The size distribution of the CuO particles was determined with ASAXS measurements and coincided with the crystallite sizes. Using sodium borohydrate or hydrazine sulfate as a reducer both metallic Cu and Cu2O nanoparticles were obtained and the crystallite size and the oxidation state depended on the amount of reducer.

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“…17 The relative crystallinity was determined by fitting the amorphous background and the theoretical intensity of crystalline cellulose to the experimental diffraction pattern. 17 The accuracy was ±5 %.…”

Section: Wide Angle X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Method to Produce Strong NFC Films as a Platform for Barrier and Functional Materials

Österberg

Vartiainen

Lucenius

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Self Cite

293

235

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In this study we present a rapid method to prepare robust, solvent resistant nanofibrillated (NFC) cellulose films that can be further surface modified for functionality. The oxygen, water vapor and grease barrier properties of the films were measured and in addition mechanical properties in dry and wet state, and solvent resistance were evaluated. The pure unmodified NFC films were good barriers for oxygen gas and grease. At relative humidity below 65%, oxygen permeability of the pure and 2 unmodified NFC film was below 0.6 cm 3 µmm -2 d -1 kPa -1 , and no grease penetrated the film. However, the largest advantage of these films was their resistance to various solvents, like water, methanol, toluene and dimethylacetamide. Although they absorbed a substantial amount of solvent, the films could still be handled after 24h of solvent soaking. Hot-pressing was introduced as a convenient method to increase not only the drying speed of the films but also enhance the robustness of the films. The wet strength of films increased due to the pressing. Thus they can be chemically or physically modified through adsorption or direct chemical reaction in both aqueous and organic solvents. Through these modifications the properties of the film can be enhanced introducing e.g. functionality, hydrophobicity or bioactivity. Herein a simple method using surface coating with wax to improve hydrophobicity and oxygen barrier properties at very high humidity is described. Through this modification the oxygen permeability decreased further and was below 17 cm 3 µmm -2 d -1 kPa -1 even at 97.4 % RH and the water vapor transmission rate decreased from 600 to 40 g/m 2 day. The wax treatment did not deteriorate the dry strength of the film. Possible reasons for the unique properties are discussed. The developed robust NFC films can be used as a generic, environmentally sustainable platform for functional materials.

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Studies of crystallinity of Scots pine and Norway spruce cellulose

Cited by 90 publications

References 41 publications

Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Efficient Degradation of Lignocellulosic Plant Biomass, without Pretreatment, by the Thermophilic Anaerobe “ Anaerocellum thermophilum ” DSM 6725

Copper and copper oxide nanoparticles in a cellulose support studied using anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering

A Fast Method to Produce Strong NFC Films as a Platform for Barrier and Functional Materials

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