Studies of CW laser oscillation on the 1315-nm transition of atomic iodine pumped by O/sub 2/(a/sup 1//spl Delta/) produced in an electric discharge

Carroll, David L.; Verdeyen, J. T.; King, Darren M.; Zimmerman, Joseph W.; Laystrom, Julia K.; Woodard, Brian S.; Benavides, Gabriel F.; Richardson, N.; Kittell, Kirk; Solomon, W. C.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2005.854316

Cited by 36 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The electrically driven oxygen-iodine laser (ElectricOIL), which was first demonstrated by Carroll [7,8] , operates on the electronic transition of the iodine atom at 1315 nm, I( 2 P 1/2 ) → I( 2 P 3/2 ) (denoted hereafter as I* and I, respectively). The lasing state I* is produced by near resonant energy transfer with the singlet oxygen metastable O 2 (a 1 ) (denoted hereafter as O 2 (a)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen atom density and thermal energy control in an electric-oxygen iodine laser

et al. 2014

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Experiments [1] with Electric Oxygen-Iodine Laser (ElectricOIL) heat exchanger technology have demonstrated improved control of oxygen atom density and thermal energy, with minimal quenching of O 2 (a 1 ), and increasing small signal gain from 0.26% cm -1 to 0.30% cm -1 . Heat exchanger technological improvements were achieved through both experimental and modeling studies, including estimation of O 2 (a 1 ) surface quenching coefficients for select ElectricOIL materials downstream of a radio-frequency discharge-driven singlet oxygen generator. Estimation of O 2 (a 1 ) quenching coefficients is differentiated from previous studies by inclusion of oxygen atoms, historically scrubbed using HgO [2][3][4] or AgO [5] . High-fidelity, time-dependent and steady-state simulations are presented using the new BLAZE-VI multi-physics simulation suite [6] and compared to data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen atom density and thermal energy control in an electric-oxygen iodine laser

et al. 2014

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The roles of the major components of the active-O 2 flow, O 2 (a 1 ∆ g ) and O( 3 P), are now fairly well understood. Atomic oxygen dissociates the I 2 fuel, O 2 (a) excites the iodine atoms by near-resonant energy transfer, and any excess atomic oxygen quenches the excited state I*:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of metastable singlet oxygen in the reaction of nitric oxide with active oxygen

2008

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Predictive modeling of the performance of EOIL laser systems must address the kinetics of the active oxygen flow, including the production of O 3 from recombination of O and O 2 , and the effects of NO as an additive to remove O and promote O 2 (a) formation. This paper describes experimental measurements of the reaction kinetics for active-oxygen flows generated by microwave discharge of O 2 /He mixtures at 3 to 10 torr. The concentrations of O 2 (a 1 ∆), O, and O 3 were directly measured as functions of reaction time in a discharge-flow reactor. Both the O removal rate and the O 3 production rate were observed to be significantly lower than expected from the widely accepted three-body recombination mechanism for O 3 production, indicating the existence of a previously unknown O 3 dissociation reaction. Addition of NO to the flow well downstream of the discharge resulted in readily detectable production of O 2 (a) in addition to that generated by the discharge. The observed O 2 (a) production rates were remarkably insensitive to variations in total pressure, O 2 concentration, and NO concentration over the ranges investigated. The mechanism for this O 2 (a) production remains to be identified, however it appears to involve a hitherto undetected, metastable, energetic species produced in the active-oxygen flow.

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“…More recently, various groups 4-9 have investigated similar continuous flowing systems and have measured O 2 (a) yields in excess of 15%, a necessary condition for positive gain at room temperature. Gain in an electrically-driven system was achieved in work by Carroll et al 10 , with lasing in the same system reported in subsequent work 11 . This system 11 made use of a capacitively-coupled longitudinal 13.56 MHz discharge in O 2 :He mixtures to provide energy storage in O 2 (a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The filter has a 11-nm bandwidth (399-410 nm), which allows capture of (3,7), (5,8), (6,8), (8,9),(10,10), (11,10), (2,8), (5,8), (4,9). The camera was set up such that the optical axis was perpendicular to the grounded plate of discharge configuration #3, such that the O 2 * emission from 0.125" holes in the plate could be collected.…”

Section: Diagnostics Suite For Excited Oxygen and Oxygen Atom Measurmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From work by Yatsenko 23 with He and Air discharges, the following trends can be expected: (1) j nα varies with mixture, (2) j nα increases with pressure, (3) j nα increases with gap. Carroll et al 11 suggested that the increase in O 2 (a) production from the presence of NO in the discharge gas mixture that they first observed 11 is due to a lower ionization potential of NO thereby enhancing the electron number density in the discharge which results in better discharge stability and increased pumping of the O 2 (a). Braginsky et al 18 expand on this idea by suggesting that the beneficial influence arises from the lower ionization potential gas mixture leading to the plasma occupying more volume within the gap, thus lowering the normal current density 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved production of O 2 (a¹Δ) in capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges

et al. 2008

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Experimental investigations of radio-frequency discharges in O 2 /He/NO mixtures in the pressure range of 1-100 Torr and power range of 0.1-1.2 kW have indicated that O 2 (a 1 ∆) production is a strong function of geometry, excitation frequency, pressure and diluent ratio. The goal of these investigations was maximization of both the yield and flow rate (power flux) of O 2 (a 1 ∆) in order to produce favorable conditions for application to an electric oxygeniodine laser (EOIL). At lower pressures, improvements in yield are observed when excitation frequency is increased from 13.56 MHz. As pressure is increased, increasing excitation frequency in the baseline configuration becomes detrimental, and yield performance is improved by reducing the discharge gap and increasing the diluent ratio. Numerous measurements of O 2 (a 1 ∆), oxygen atoms, and discharge excited states are made in order to describe the discharge performance dependent on various parameters.

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Studies of CW laser oscillation on the 1315-nm transition of atomic iodine pumped by O/sub 2/(a/sup 1//spl Delta/) produced in an electric discharge

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Oxygen atom density and thermal energy control in an electric-oxygen iodine laser

Oxygen atom density and thermal energy control in an electric-oxygen iodine laser

Production of metastable singlet oxygen in the reaction of nitric oxide with active oxygen

Improved production of O 2 (a¹Δ) in capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges

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Studies of CW laser oscillation on the 1315-nm transition of atomic iodine pumped by O/sub 2/(a/sup 1//spl Delta/) produced in an electric discharge

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Oxygen atom density and thermal energy control in an electric-oxygen iodine laser

Oxygen atom density and thermal energy control in an electric-oxygen iodine laser

Production of metastable singlet oxygen in the reaction of nitric oxide with active oxygen

Improved production of O 2 (a1Δ) in capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges

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Improved production of O 2 (a¹Δ) in capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges