Studies of dielectric and electrical transport characteristics of BaTiO3-BiFeO3-CaSnO3 ternary system

Abstract

In the present paper, the ternary system 0.90 BaTiO 3-0.07 BiFeO 3-0.03 CaSnO 3 (referred as BTO-BFO-CSO-3) near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was synthesized via a cost effective mixed-oxide route and sintered at 1050°C. Phase composition analysis confirms that the sample crystallizes in orthorhombic phase with few impurity peaks. Room temperature Raman spectrum depicts the phonon peaks characteristic for BTO-BFO-CSO-3 structure. Microstructural examination by scanning electron microscope shows the uniform distribution of grains on the surface of the density sample. The capacitive and resistive properties at different frequencies and temperatures were obtained by modulus and impedance spectroscopy. The non-Debye relaxation mechanism is highlighted by the impedance analysis. The electrical properties associated with the impedance of the prepared sample are found to be dependent on temperature and frequency. The transport properties follow the Arrhenius equation and the activation energy is calculated for the sample.

Dielectric and Electrical Properties of BLT Ceramics Modified by Fe Ions

“…The observed increasing of conductivity with temperature is the normal behavior of the semiconductor materials. The frequency dependence of AC conductivity for two lower concentration of iron ions is comparable with the ones that concern the BaTiO 3 -based materials presented by other authors [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Namely, σ ac decreases with decreasing frequency and becomes independent of frequency after a certain value.…”

A Review of a Good Binary Ferroelectric Ceramic: BaTiO3–BiFeO3

“…The widely used terminology (multiferroic) today is treated as the coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering. The charge effects the electric charges of ions and electrons, while the spin of electrons controls the magnetic properties . It is worth noting that since the combination of ferroics in multiferroics, the field of conjugate factor can control the ferroic property .…”

“…Many researchers studied the monodoped in BTO–BFO ceramics, such as Eu 3+ , Co 3+ , Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Al 3+ , La 2+ , Ce 2+ , Nd 3+ , Gd 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ga 3+ , and Er 3+ . ,− The doping of these ions could improve the ferroelectricity of BTO–BFO ceramics. The multiphase solid-state solution could also promote the electrical properties of BTO–BFO ceramics, like La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 , Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 , BiMeO 3 (Me = Al, Ga, Sc, Y, Mg 2/3 Nb 1/3 , Zn 2/3 Nb 1/3 , Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 ), CaSnO 3 , etc. ,− …”

Lead-Free BiFeO3–BaTiO3 Ceramics: An Overview

“…The simultaneous existence of two ferroic orders ferroelectric/magnetic and their control by the electric and magnetic field gives the existence of multiferroicity in BFO. In multiferroic materials, charges of ions and electrons control the electrical properties, whereas, electron spin controls the magnetic properties [32]. Empty d-orbitals are required for ferroelectricity which is necessary for cation off-center displacement, whereas, for ferromagnetism, empty d-orbitals are required [33,34].…”

“…The improvement in ferroelectricity of BFO-BTO ceramic system is done through substitution of different ions, for example Co 3+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , La 2+ , Nd 3+ , Dy 3+ , Er 3+ , Eu 3+ , Cr 3+ , Ni 2+ , Al 3+ , Ce 2+ , Gd 3+ , and Ga 3+ [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. The electrical properties are also improved in multiphase solution like BiMeO 3 (Me = Al, Ga, Y, Sc, Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 , Mg 2/3 Nb 1/3 , Zn 2/3 Nb 1/3 ), La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO, Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 [32,[54][55][56][57][58].…”