Studies of Gall-Bladder Function

Ravdin, I. S.; Johnston, Charles G.; Riegel, Cecilia; Wright, Sydney L.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1932.100.2.317

Cited by 48 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…per liter, 16 days after the release of an obstruction of five days duration due to a stone. This is within the range of the mean concentration of bile salts in the normal hepatic bile of the dog (8). We have never been fortunate enough to obtain hepatic bile from a human subject in whom there was no evidence of biliary tract disease so that we cannot state what the concentration of bile salts would be in such cases.…”

Section: Bile Saltsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…We had previously observed that when cholangitis occurred in dogs with biliary fistulae, the bile salts, as demonstrated by the Gregory-Pascoe method (9), rapidly disappeared, and in a previous paper (8) we reported that it was frequently impossible to demonstrate their presence in bile from a badly diseased gallbladder.…”

Section: Bile Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the whole, however, our data for bile salts in these patients are considerably below the concentration of bile salts in the hepatic bile from normal dogs, which varied from 16 to 66 m.Eq. per liter (8).…”

Section: Bile Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods used for the determination of calcium, bile salts, chloride, total base, and CO2, have been reported in previous papers (5) (6) (7) (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Human Liver Bile After Release of Common Duct Obstruction

Ravdin

Johnston²,

Riegel³

et al. 1933

J. Clin. Invest.

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For some years it has been a common practice for surgeons to insert a drainage tube into the common duct after choledochotomy for calculi, stricture, chronic pancreatitis, suppuration or even malignancy. Whether such drainage is always necessary if the obstruction has been relieved, has often been questioned by those who believe that primary closure of the duct can often be done without danger to the patient, especially where the obstruction is not complete. There appears to be no general agreement as to how long the drainage should be continued in the various conditions, nor is there any general unanimity of opinion as to whether prolonged biliary drainage is dangerous.Wangensteen (1) has called attention to the effect on patients of prolonged biliary drainage and Walters and Parham (2) have commented on the development of cholerrhagia as an unfavorable sequel to surgical drainage of the biliary tract. Two more recent papers by Walters, Greene and Frederickson (3) and Greene, Walters and Fredrickson (4) have again emphasized the necessity of a careful study of the entire problem in an effort to improve surgical end-results in cases of the type under discussion.During a period when we were studying the anion-cation concentrations of human gallbladder bile removed from normal and diseased gallbladders during life, we obtained and studied the bile from 18 patients who had obstruction of the common duct from calculi, stricture, malignancy or infection, and who lived at least five days after operation. Four died after this period and 14 recovered. The specimens were collected daily, measured, and analyzed for certain of their constituents. The drainage was continued for a variable period, the longest being 191 days.

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Section: Bile Saltsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Bile Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bile Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods used for the determination of calcium, bile salts, chloride, total base, and CO2, have been reported in previous papers (5) (6) (7) (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Study of Human Liver Bile After Release of Common Duct Obstruction

Ravdin

Johnston²,

Riegel³

et al. 1933

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The hepatic bile was obtained from cholecystectomized dogs after double catheterization of the common duct (14). Since the bile was never collected for longer than 24 hours before it was again turned into the duodenum, the animals remained in excellent condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Gall Bladder Function

Riegel

Johnston

Ravdin

1932

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Eleven years have passed since Rous and McMaster (15) published their paper on the concentrating activity of the gall bladder. This contribution and subsequent ones by them and their associates renewed the interest of investigators in this organ. Two schools have developed, each with a different fundamental concept of gall bladder function. The one, following what would appear to be the more logical concept, maintains that concentrated bile is emptied at intervals into the duodenum. The other, largely from teleological reasoning, believes that the cystic duct is a one-way tube, permitting hepatic bile to flow into the gall bladder, but preventing it from flowing out. Those who accept the latter concept must necessarily adhere to the theory that every constituent of the bile is absorbed through the gall bladder wall. If the latter group is correct there must be an optimum concentration for "different constituents of the bile at which level they are absorbed at a definite rate.The experiments of Rous and McMaster indicated that bile pigment was not absorbed through the gall bladder wall. If this is true, and if the gall bladder has no other way of evacuating itself except by absorption, it would not take long for the lumen to be filled with an inspissated mass of pigment. The experiments on the pigment changes of hepatic bile subjected to gall bladder activity were open to certain errors which Rous and McMaster duly considered. The experiments were not absolutely quantitative in that the amountof hepatic bile entering the gall bladder could not be absolutely measured.

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The Flow and Ionic Composition of Bile

Wheeler¹

1961

Arch Intern Med

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Studies of Gall-Bladder Function

Cited by 48 publications

References 1 publication

A Study of Human Liver Bile After Release of Common Duct Obstruction

A Study of Human Liver Bile After Release of Common Duct Obstruction

Studies on Gall Bladder Function

The Flow and Ionic Composition of Bile

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