Studies of Influenza Virus Infection in Newborn Ferrets

Collie, M. H.; Rushton, D. I.; Sweet, C.; Smith, H.

doi:10.1099/00222615-13-4-561

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our findings concerning shortened survival and greater mortality in the infant mouse are consistent with previous studies utilizing lethal challenge (3,5,19,23). The more severe influenza disease in the infant mouse may be attributable to viral dissemination (5), immune deficiency, or other untested factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Sawicki (16,17) found prolonged shedding when paramyxovirus was given to the infant mouse. Several investigators have looked at lethal influenza infection in the young animal (3,5,12,19,23), but none have studied the characteristics of nonlethal influenza infection in the young animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the young mouse might be a good model for studying factors responsible for the severity of influenza in the infant human. Although studies of lethal influenza infection of infant animals have been reported (3,5,12,19,23), the suitability of the infant mouse as a model for nonlethal influenza infection in the newborn has not been reported. We therefore undertook the present study to determine (1) the pathology of influenza infection, (2) recovery from influenza virus shedding, and (3) the development of subsequent protective immunity against influenza in the infant mouse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza Infection in the Infant Mouse

1983

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SummaryA nonlethal influenza infection [A/PC/1/73 (H3Nz)l was given to infant mice to determine (1) the pathology of tracheal epithelium and lung, (2) the time course of viral shedding from the nose and lung, and (3) the subsequent development of protective immunity during adulthood.Both desquamation of the tracheal epithelium and lung pathology similar to that described in adults after influenza infection were observed in the infant. Animals infected at 3 days of age show virus shedding in 12 of 13 infant mice that persists for at least 2 days longer than in the adult. This longer duration of influenza infection did not result from either malnutrition or from intralitter transmission of virus. Recovery from virus shedding in both the upper and lower airway occurred in the absence of detectable serum antibody in six of seven mice. Infants that recover from infection, when rechallenged during adulthood, manifest complete protection in 11 of 13 mice after nonlethal challenge and no mortality after lethal challenge. Abbreviations EID50, egg infectious dose 50% MID50, mouse infectious dose 50% MLD5,, mouse lethal dose 50% NK, natural killer Influenza infection is responsible for producing significant morbidity and mortality in the human infant (4,14). The pathology of influenza disease in the adult mouse corresponds to influenza in human adults (22). This suggests that the young mouse might be a good model for studying factors responsible for the severity of influenza in the infant human. Although studies of lethal influenza infection of infant animals have been reported (3,5,12,19,23), the suitability of the infant mouse as a model for nonlethal influenza infection in the newborn has not been reported. We therefore undertook the present study to determine (1) the pathology of influenza infection, (2) recovery from influenza virus shedding, and (3) the development of subsequent protective immunity against influenza in the infant mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals.Eight to ten-week-old, inbred Swiss white mice of the A/J strain were obtained from Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME. These animals were housed and bred in the animal facilities of the College of Medicine, University of Florida. All experimental and control mice were housed in the same environment and treated similarly.Breeding. Eight female mice were housed per cage and separated from male mice for at least 1 wk before breeding. At the time of mating no more than two female mice were placed in each cage containing one male. Males were removed at the end of 4 days. Two weeks later, pregnant females were isolated in individual cages. Approximately 20% of mothers would deliver on each of 2 days, 21 days after the 4-day breeding period.Virus. A/Port Chalmers/l/73 (A/PC/1/73 H3N2) influenza virus was originally obtained from the Research Resources Branch, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease. This was passaged multiple times in eggs to provide a large stock of virus that contained EID50/ml. This virus was also passaged six times in mouse ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza Infection in the Infant Mouse

1983

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“…Studies using ferrets have shown that the cellular immune system is necessary for recovery from influenza infection 14,18,19 . The main cells that seem to be important to the cellular immune response are the cytotoxic lymphocytes, which attack infected cells expressing certain antigens 5,6,14,18,19 .…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, after neonatal ferrets suckled on an immune dam, milk-derived anti-influenza virus IgG (passive immunity) protected them against infection with influenza virus [19][20][21][22][23][24] . IgA antibodies seem to have a role in protecting the upper respiratory tract in humans and other species [20][21][22][23] , and there has been an association of rapid recuperation in humans and other species with high titers of IgA in nasal washes.…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Ferret: An Animal Model to Study Influenza Virus

Maher¹,

DeStefano²

2004

Lab Anim

228

190

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The effects of maternal influenzal viraemia in late gestation on the conceptus of the pregnant ferret

Rushton

Collie

Sweet

et al. 1983

The Journal of Pathology

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Pregnant ferrets were inoculated intra-cardially on day 30 of gestation with influenza virus. The animals were sacrificed on days 5 to 11 after inoculation and the products of conception including the uterus were examined virologically and histopathologically. The results indicate that the initial site of infection of the conceptus is the haemophagous organ and that spread occurs from this site to the endometrium, placental labyrinth and fetus. Lesions in the fetus are confined to the liver and respiratory tract. In the liver they may represent either a viral hepatitis or a secondary response to placental damage resulting in the stimulation of erythropoiesis. In the respiratory tract they first occur in the nasal sinuses and upper airways suggesting that infection is via the amniotic fluid rather than via the blood stream. The relevance of these findings to human pregnancy is discussed.

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Studies of Influenza Virus Infection in Newborn Ferrets

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Influenza Infection in the Infant Mouse

Influenza Infection in the Infant Mouse

The Ferret: An Animal Model to Study Influenza Virus

The effects of maternal influenzal viraemia in late gestation on the conceptus of the pregnant ferret

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