Studies of kissing bug-sensitive patients: Evidence for the lack of cross-reactivity between Triatoma protracta and Triatoma rubida salivary gland extracts

Pinnas, Jacob L.; Lindberg, Roger E.; Chen, Tien M.W.; Meinke, Geraldine C.

doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(86)80119-1

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both the U.S. and Mexican study areas had experienced disruption of previously undisturbed environments considered suitable habitats for both triatomine and T. cruzi vertebrate hosts. Human bite encounters, including hypersensitivity reactions due to T. rubida, continue to be a public health issue in Arizona (152,226,237). This species has been frequently collected from woodrat nests throughout its range (96,256,321,332,336).…”

Section: Description Of Us Triatomine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe reactions are generally systemic and may involve angiodema, urticaria, difficulty breathing, nausea, diarrhea, and/or anaphylaxis (152,226). Although allergic reactions to triatomine bites have been reported from states throughout the southern United States, the incidence is highest in the southwestern states, with T. protracta and T. rubida most frequently implicated (106,152,204,226,237). The most common scenario involves invasion of an adult bug into a human dwelling, where it bites a sleeping individual.…”

Section: Human-vector Interactions and T Cruzi Transmission Potentiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

et al. 2011

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SUMMARY Chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and causes potentially life-threatening disease of the heart and gastrointestinal tract. The southern half of the United States contains enzootic cycles of T. cruzi , involving 11 recognized triatomine vector species. The greatest vector diversity and density occur in the western United States, where woodrats are the most common reservoir; other rodents, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes are also infected with T. cruzi. In the eastern United States, the prevalence of T. cruzi is highest in raccoons, opossums, armadillos, and skunks. A total of 7 autochthonous vector-borne human infections have been reported in Texas, California, Tennessee, and Louisiana; many others are thought to go unrecognized. Nevertheless, most T. cruzi -infected individuals in the United States are immigrants from areas of endemicity in Latin America. Seven transfusion-associated and 6 organ donor-derived T. cruzi infections have been documented in the United States and Canada. As improved control of vector- and blood-borne T. cruzi transmission decreases the burden in countries where the disease is historically endemic and imported Chagas' disease is increasingly recognized outside Latin America, the United States can play an important role in addressing the altered epidemiology of Chagas' disease in the 21st century.

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Section: Description Of Us Triatomine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human-vector Interactions and T Cruzi Transmission Potentiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

et al. 2011

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“…They are also known under the term ‘kissing bugs’. Anaphylaxis from their bites has been described already over 100 years ago, to date nearly 50 patients have been reported [31, 32]. Their nocturnal painless bite is found on uncovered skin and may result in local papules, bullae or urticaria.…”

Section: Systemic Reactions To Arthropodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Immediate Allergic Reactions to Arthropod Stings and Bites

Bircher

2005

Dermatology

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Most of the encounters with biting and stinging insects result in more or less pronounced localized reactions. Typically, urticarial wheals and papular reactions are observed. Less often local bullous or hemorrhagic or disseminated papular reactions, particularly in children and immunologically naive adults, may be seen. With the exception of bee and wasp venom allergies, immediate-type allergic reactions to arthropod stings and bites are rare. Systemic IgE-mediated hypersensitivity has also been reported from additional hymenoptera species, e.g. hornets, bumble bees and ants. Rare are systemic reactions to mosquitoes, flies or kissing bugs and exceptional from ticks, bed bugs, moths, caterpillars and spiders. A major problem is the often lacking standardization of extracts for skin testing and for the determination of specific IgE. Some of the allergens have been characterized and few of them synthesized using recombinant techniques. Most investigations have been made with whole-body extracts or extracts from salivary glands, while desensitization has rarely been attempted. Currently, primary prevention by avoidance of stings and bites, and adequate instruction of sensitized individuals in the use of emergency drugs are mandatory.

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“…Most allergic reactions are to bites of Triatoma rubida in Arizona and Triatoma protracta in California ( Figure 1). There is little or no antigenic cross-reactivity between salivary proteins from these 2 species [20]. Both species normally dwell among and feed upon wood rats, but during their annual flight dispersal, they sometimes enter homes and feed upon the occupants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Kissing Bugs”: Potential Disease Vectors and Cause of Anaphylaxis

et al. 2010

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Physicians in the United States should familiarize themselves with "kissing bugs" endemic to their area of practice and appreciate the medical implications of their bites. Bite victims often seek advice from physicians about allergic reactions as well as the risk of contracting Chagas disease. Physicians are generally knowledgeable about the role of kissing bugs in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America. However, they may be unaware of (1) severe allergic reactions to kissing bug salivary antigens, (2) the widespread occurrence of T. cruzi amongst vertebrate hosts of kissing bugs, and (3) the incidence of T. cruzi among kissing bugs (T. cruzi may infect >50% of sampled bugs). Despite the potential for Chagas disease transmission, the major concern regarding kissing bugs in the United States is anaphylactic reactions to their bites resulting in frequent emergency department visits, especially in areas of endemicity in the Southwest.

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Studies of kissing bug-sensitive patients: Evidence for the lack of cross-reactivity between Triatoma protracta and Triatoma rubida salivary gland extracts

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

Systemic Immediate Allergic Reactions to Arthropod Stings and Bites

“Kissing Bugs”: Potential Disease Vectors and Cause of Anaphylaxis

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