Studies of Marine Planktonic Diatoms: Iii. Some Effects of Temperature on Respiration of Five Species

Ryther, J. H.; Guillard, Robert R. L.

doi:10.1139/m62-058

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…h can be taken as the likely order of magnitude, both from the direct measurements and from a probable ratio of about 1/15-1/20 with ^max values, suggested by general experience with phytoplankton (e.g. Tailing, 1957a;Ryther, 1954Ryther, , 1959Steemann Nielsen & Jensen, 1957;Ryther & Guillard, 1962). Respiratory consumption of 20 and 60 g Os/m^.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The upper limit of photosynthetic productivity by phytoplankton: evidence from Ethiopian soda lakes

Talling

Wood²,

Prosser³

et al. 1973

Freshwater Biology

235

116

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Photosynthetic production by phytoplankton was studied in two Ethiopian soda lakes, alkalinity 51-67 m-equiv./l, with abundant blue-green algae. The deeper lake, L. Aranguadi, contained extremely dense crops composed almost entirely of SpiruUna (Oscillatoria, Arthrospira) platensis. Measurements of the spectral attenuation of light showed that the most penetrating component was displaced to the red spectral region, and estimates of the chlorophyll a content in umt area of the euphotic zone were often similar to the highest values ( -200-300 mg/m''^) expected on theoretical grounds.The vertical distribution of photosynthetic activity per unit water volume was of a typical pattern for phytoplankton, with light-inhibition often present, although the euphotic zones did not exceed 0-6 m in depth. From these profiles, computed rates of gross photosynthesis per unit area of lake surface reached a magnitude of 1 •4-2-4 g Oa/m^.h in both lakes. They were obviously severely limited by self-shading behaviour in the algal populations. An appreciable inverse relationship between photosynthetic capacity and population density was only found in the densest populations of L. Aranguadi, with chlorophyll a content > 2000 mg/m^, where depressed rates might result from experimental artefacts in closed bottles. In this lake, two independent estimates of gross production, based on the analysis of diurnal changes in the open water, were as high as 43 and 57 g O-zjm^. day.Diurnal changes of stratification in the two lakes are described and related to the controlling temperature (density) stratification. They include occasionally complete nocturnal deoxygenation in the deeper lake, evidence of heavy respiratory uptake.The high photosynthetic productivity is interpreted as dependent upon the coupling of high algal contents in the euphotic zone (^S) with high values of photosynthetic capacity (^max)-It is probably favoured by the tropical situation affecting temperature

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The upper limit of photosynthetic productivity by phytoplankton: evidence from Ethiopian soda lakes

Talling

Wood²,

Prosser³

et al. 1973

Freshwater Biology

235

116

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“…Lex, Silvester & Stewart (1972), amongst others, reported the influence of both pO2 and pCOa upon photorespiration and nitrogenase activity in blue-green algae. The influence of temperature upon respiration was discussed by Ryther & Guillard (1962) and the effect of pH upon photosynthesis was described by Felfoldy (1960). Interest in Lake George has centred upon the 24-h environmental cycle, including the influence it exerts upon the metabolism of the phytoplankton.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal stratification, photosynthesis and nitrogenfixation in a shallow, equatorial Lake (Lake George, Uganda)

1975

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From a series of experiments and measurements covering one 24-h period in LakeGeorge the diurnal patterns of photosynthesis, nitrogen-fixation and stratification are described. The thermal cycle shows three distinct phases of isothermy, intense stratification and mixing. During stratification the surface water temperature reached 36°C, whereas the bottom temperature remained at 25°C. The phytoplankton are evenly distributed at dawn, sink out during the day and tend towards an even redistribution as thermal stratification breaks down. Depth-time profiles of oxygen concentration and pH values showed that intense photosynthetic and respiratory activity occurred. The shortness of the predominant limnological cycle is thought to be instrumental in restricting species fluctuations.Changes of total CO2 concentration in situ within the euphotic zone indicated that 2-25 g C/m2.12 h were photosynthetically fixed during daytime. From changes of in situ oxygen concentration, gross photosynthesis was estimated to be 12 g Oa/m-. 12 h and net particulate production over 24 h as zero.Photosynthetic activity was also measured with the i^C and oxygen techniques by enclosing algal samples in light and dark bottles. The patterns of activity recorded by the two methods were similar, although quantitatively the oxygen method gave rather higher values than did the i*C method. Daily gross photosynthesis was estimated as 15-56 g O2/m2.12 h and 4-5 gC/m2.12 h. These figures are compatible with one another and with the production estimates calculated from Tailing's model of integral daily photosynthesis.The balance between respiration and photosynthesis is described as a function of the underwater light climate and the relative rate of respiration. Both the experimental and theoretical approaches suggest that the column 24-h net particulate production is an extremely small percentage of gross photosynthesis.Nitrogen-fixation was measured using both the i^N2 and the acetylene reduction techniques. The day-long incubation of the ^^^2 experiment showed that U mg N/m^.day were fixed. The series of shorter acetylene reduction experiments gave a value of 58 mg N/m^.day. The acetylene technique showed relatively high nitrogenase activity at very low light intensities. The ^^Ng results indicated little N2fixation at low light intensities. The differences between the two techniques are discussed.Gross photosynthesis estimates calculated from seven different methods run simultaneously are compared. The figures show reasonable agreement, but since the gaseous environment in the euphotic zone is particularly suitable for photo respiration the values are not considered reliable estimates of phytoplankton photosynthesis.

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“…In laboratory studies with C. glomerata, the photo- In order to permit comparison with gross community photosynthesis, the maximum net assimilation of 7 .5 g 02/ gChla/ h was converted to gross assimilation by assuming 5%D plant respiration at the maximum photosynthetic rate, based on the range from 5 to 7% reported in the literature (Eppley & Sloan, 1965;Ryther, 1954;Bindloss, 1974;Steeman Nielsen & Jensen, 1957 ;Ryther & Guilland, 1962) . Thus the gross assimilation number became 7.5 x 105% or 7 .9 g02/gChla/h with no selfshading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of desirable and nuisance plant levels in streams

Wong

Clark

1979

Hydrobiologia

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To cope with luxuriant plant growth in the streams of southern Ontario, an approach to determine the desirable and nuisance plant levels was proposed.With a more intensive analysis of the assimilation efficiency of plant communities, which includes the fractionation of community respiration as well as compensation for the plant selfshading effect, the plant biomass of all species component expressed as chlorophyll a can be estimated from the modified growth equation,where B is the biomass, P max is the photosynthetic growth rate at light saturation, A is the assimilation number and S is the plant shading coefficient . Once comparable biomass values are available, a desirable plant level relative to specified environmental standards can be determined .For instance, to meet the minimum dissolved oxygen criteria of 5 ppm, the desirable and the nuisance crop levels in the North Thames River, Ontario, were found to be o .15 and 0 .75 g chla/ in' respectively .

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Studies of Marine Planktonic Diatoms: Iii. Some Effects of Temperature on Respiration of Five Species

Cited by 50 publications

References 1 publication

The upper limit of photosynthetic productivity by phytoplankton: evidence from Ethiopian soda lakes

The upper limit of photosynthetic productivity by phytoplankton: evidence from Ethiopian soda lakes

Diurnal stratification, photosynthesis and nitrogenfixation in a shallow, equatorial Lake (Lake George, Uganda)

The determination of desirable and nuisance plant levels in streams

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