Studies of Mosquito Repellents, II. Relative Performance of Certain Chemicals and Commercially Available Mixtures as Mosquito Repellents

Granett, Philip

doi:10.1093/jee/33.3.566

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…As mosquitoes are water breeders so their larval stages are attractive targets of pesticides, and it is easy to deal with them in this habitat. Although there has been much historical research on the potential of natural plants to protect against mosquitoes and other insect pests (Granett 1940), the interest in herbalbased products was subsequently reduced due to the advent of synthetic chemicals or insecticides. However, the interest in anti-mosquito products derived from natural origin is being revived because the continued applications of synthetic compounds have some drawbacks, including the widespread development of insecticide resistance among vector population and biological magnification through food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum nigrum L. leaf extract against Culex quinquefasciatus Say

2010

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The present study was carried out to establish the larvicidal activities of crude and solvent extracts of Solanum nigrum L. leaves against Culex quinquefasciatus Say as target species. The results indicated that the mortality rates at 0.5% concentration were highest amongst all concentrations of the crude extracts tested against all the larval instars at 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. Result of log probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that lethal concentration LC(50) and LC(90) values gradually decreased with the exposure periods in bioassay experiment with the crude plant extract. The results of regression analysis of crude extract of S. nigrum revealed that the mortality rate is positively correlated with the concentration of the extracts. Mature leaves of S. nigrum were also extracted with six different solvents [viz. petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone and absolute alcohol] to determine the best extractant for subsequent isolation and characterization of active ingredient. Mortality rate with ethyl acetate extract was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other extracts when 50-ppm doses were used. The corresponding LC(50) value of acetone, absolute alcohol, petroleum ether, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), benzene and ethyl acetate extracts were 72.91 ppm, 59.81 ppm, 54.11 ppm, 32.69 ppm, 27.95 ppm and 17.04 ppm, respectively, after 24 h of exposure period. Results of this study show that the ethyl acetate extract of S. nigrum may be considered as a potent source of a mosquito larvicidal agent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum nigrum L. leaf extract against Culex quinquefasciatus Say

2010

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“…Some reports even questioned the validity of earlier work owing to issues of chemical or essential oil purity and variability in testing procedures 39, 42. Tests conducted by Bacot and Talbot,38 Bunker and Hirschfelder,39 Rudolfs,43 Moore44 and Granett45 represent some of the first documented work on evaluating chemicals and mixtures for insect repellency. At the time there were limited reports on activity of individual compounds, as many recommended repellents were mixtures or plant extracts.…”

Section: Structural Diversity Of Chemical Repellentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito repellents: a review of chemical structure diversity and olfaction

2010

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Research on mosquito chemical repellents continues to advance, along with knowledge of mosquito olfaction and behavior, mosquito-host interactions and chemical structure. New tools and technologies have revealed information about insect olfactory mechanisms and processing, providing a more complex approach for the interpretation of how chemical repellents influence host-seeking and feeding behavior. Even with these advances, there is still a large amount of information contained in the early works on insect repellents. Many of the standard test methods and chemicals that are still used for evaluating active repellents were developed in the 1940s. These studies contain valuable references to the activity of different structural classes of chemicals, and serve as a guide to optimization of select compounds for insect repellency effects.

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“…Oil of citronella and other essential oils have long been used as temporary repellents. A preparation containing diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether as the active ingredients has been shown to be more effective than citronella (63) and is now available in a commercial preparation.…”

Section: Control Of Adult Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%