Studies of Proteins of Developing Wheat Endosperm: Fractionation by Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Graham, Janet Sd; Morton, R. K.; Simmonds, DH

doi:10.1071/bi9630350

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…have shown that the fraction extracted by pyrophosphate buffer contains a relative predominance of proteins which are fast moving on electrophoresis in starch gel, whereas the proteins subsequently extracted by acetic acid have a relative predominance of slow-moving components. The relative constancy of the amino acid composition of the proteins extracted with acetic acid is consistent with the view that these proteins form a considerable proportion of the storage proteins of wheat endosperm Graham, Morton, and Simmonds 1963). Table 4 shows that the amount of amino acid residues in each of the protein fractions increase considerably during development, the distribution between the proteins extracted by pyrophosphate, acetic acid, and sodium hydroxide reflecting the distribution of total protein nitrogen bet"i'een these fractions (see also Graham, Morton, and Simmonds 1963;.…”

Section: (B) Ohanges In Amino Acids Of Endosperm Dnring Developmentsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis in Developing Wheat Endosperm

Jennings¹,

Morton²

1963

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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The amino acid composition of several protein fractions of developing wheat endosperm (cv. Gabo, grown in 1960 in Adelaide) was determined by ion-exchange chromatography. There were considerable differences in the compositions of the fractions extracted by pyrophosphate, acetic acid, and by sodium hydroxide. The composition of the fraction extracted by acetic acid remained relatively constant during development whereas there were changes in the compositions of the fractions extracted by pyrophosphate buffer, and by sodium hydroxide.The amino acid composition of the total protein body fraction, at day 18 and at day 46 after flowering, showed little change during development. However, there was considerable difference in composition between the total protein body fraction and a fraction of small protein bodies obtained by gradient centrifugation.The results suggest that the amino acid composition of the protein bodies may change during growth and development of the protein body. The number of protein bodies increase during development of the endosperm; the increase in the amount of residues of amino acids in the protein body fraction during endosperm development confirms that the protein bodies are the sites of accumulation of storage proteins in endosperm.

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Section: (B) Ohanges In Amino Acids Of Endosperm Dnring Developmentsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…INTRODUCTION During the development of wheat endosperm, there is rapid synthesis of proteins, which may be fractionated by successive extraction with sodium pyrophosphate, acetic acid, and sodium hydroxide (Graham, Morton, and Simmonds 1963). have described the changes in the major nitrogenous constituents during grain development.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis in Developing Wheat Endosperm

Jennings¹,

Morton²

1963

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Between day 12 and day 20, a considerable amount of starch fills the enlarging endosperm cells; Plate 1, Figures 2 and 3, shows both large ellipsoidal grains, which are formed first, and smaller spheroidal grains which are formed later during development. During this latter period especially, protein synthesis in endosperm is rapid (Graham, Morton, and Simmonds 1963;Jennings and Morton 1963a). However, neither by fluorescencenor by phase-contrast microscopy of fresh tissue, with or without staining with methylene blue, could the localization of protein in the cells be established.…”

Section: (A) Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between day 14 and maturity, storage proteins (soluble in acetic acid or in sodium hydroxide) increase considerably as compared with buffer-soluble proteins Graham, Morton, and Simmonds 1963). To follow the related changes in intracellular structure during this period, comparable pieces of endosperm tissue Were fixed in osmium tetroxide or in potassium permanganate; electron micrographs were made of suitable sections after both types of flxation.…”

Section: (0) Accumulation Of Protein and Of Electron-dewe Bodies Durimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytological Studies of Protein Bodies of Developing Wheat Endosperm

Jennings¹,

Morton²,

Palk³

1963

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Summa1'yFluorescence microscopy of thin sections of developing wheat endosperm previously fixed with osmium tetroxide and stained with acridine orange was used to study cellular development. Starch fonnation is predominant in the early period after flowering. The fine structure of developing endosperm cells was studied by electron microscopy of thin sections fixed and stained with osmium tetroxide or with potassium permanganate, or with formaldehyde followed by potassium permanganate. In addition to starch granules, numerous dense spheroidal bodies were observed. The staining reactions and the increase in numbers during growth indicated that the bodies probably consisted of storage protein. Observations on the occurrence of these protein bodies were made with three wheat varieties during two growing seasons (1959 and 1960). Based on the cytological evidence, the origin and intracellular localization of protein bodies is discussed.

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Wheat proteins. II.—changes in the protein composition of Triticum vulgare during the life cycle of the plant

Coulson

Sim

1965

J Sci Food Agric

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Changes in the wheat protein system, particularly endosperm proteins, during the life cycle of the plant have been followed using a starch gel electrophoresis technique. Fractions of low electrophoretic mobility were progressively degraded during germination and progressively synthesised towards the end of the ripening period, indicating their probable role as storage proteins of the endosperm. In contrast, fractions of higher mobility were less affected during germination and were utilised at a later stage. Similarly, these components were synthesised first during ripening and remained at a relatively constant level during the build-up of apparently high molecular weight material. On the information available it was not possible to determine whether the fast-moving fractions represented the enzymes of the system or were precursors of the larger components.

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Studies of Proteins of Developing Wheat Endosperm: Fractionation by Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Abstract: Protein fractions were extracted from endosperm isolated from developing grains of Gabo, Insignia, and Dural varieties of wheat. The changes in total nitrogen and in the distribution of nitrogen in the various extracts were studied.

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis in Developing Wheat Endosperm

Amino Acids and Protein Synthesis in Developing Wheat Endosperm

Cytological Studies of Protein Bodies of Developing Wheat Endosperm

Wheat proteins. II.—changes in the protein composition of Triticum vulgare during the life cycle of the plant

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