Studies of Quantitative Parameters of Virus Excretion and Transmission in Pigs and Cattle Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Alexandersen, Søren; Quan, Melvyn; Murphy, C.; Knight, J.; Zhang, Z.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(03)00045-8

Cited by 175 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These clinical signs correlated with the high level of viraemia determined by rRT-PCR and VI and coincided with the presence of FMDV in the "probangs", saliva and nasal swabs; results consistent with those achieved from previous experimental infection of cattle with FMDV [1]. Broad agreement was found between the ability of rRT-PCR and VI to detect FMDV in samples of fore-and machine whole milk as well as skim and cream fractions of these samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

et al. 2006

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-Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be excreted in milk and thereby spread infection to susceptible animals in other holdings. The feasibility of using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) as a diagnostic tool for detection of FMDV in milk was assessed by studying the excretion of virus from experimentally-infected cattle. Fore-and machine milk samples were collected over a 4-week period from two dairy cows infected with FMDV and from two in-contact cows held in the same pen. The whole, skim, cream and cellular debris components of the milks were tested by automated rRT-PCR and results compared to virus isolation (VI) in cell culture. The onset of clinical signs of FMD in all four cows correlated with viraemia, and the presence of FMDV in other clinical samples. rRT-PCR results matched closely with VI in detecting FMDV in all milk components and generally coincided with, but did not consistently precede, the onset of clinical signs. rRT-PCR detected FMDV in milk up to 23 days post inoculation which was longer than VI. Furthermore, the detection limit of FMDV in milk was greater by rRT-PCR than VI and, in contrast to VI, rRT-PCR detected virus genome following heat treatment that simulated pasteurisation. rRT-PCR was also able to detect FMDV in preservativetreated milk. In conclusion, this study showed that automated rRT-PCR is quicker and more sensitive than VI and can be used to detect FMDV in whole milk as well as milk fractions from infected animals. milk / milk components / foot-and-mouth disease virus / real-time RT-PCR / pasteurisation

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

et al. 2006

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“…For some infections data suggests that severity of disease increases with intimacy of contact or, more generally, with the intensity of exposure to the infectious agent (e.g. measles [26], polio [20], foot-and-mouth disease [8,2]). But dose of exposure may also be important for subsequent infectiousness as suggested by experiments on bovine tuberculosis [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case σ = 1 we can identify the classes S and R and consider a one-dimensional model as we have S + I = 1. 2 . Thus the determinant of the Jacobian matrix J evaluated at the nontrivial equilibrium is positive while the corresponding trace is negative.…”

Section: The Sir and Sis Models With Nonlinear Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…How should transmission be modelled, and in what unit? We refer two extreme approaches: (1) the most standard approach considers the infectious host as the unit of transmission, and transmission as a mass action process, βI S, given that β = pc where c is the contact rate between individuals and p is the probability that a contact between a susceptible and infectious results in a new infection; (2) an alternative approach is to work with units of infectious agent [21] and model transmission as β(v)S, where v is a measure of infectious agent and β(v) is a sigmoidal function to represent dose-response relationships observed in infection experiments. A problem with the first approach is to ignore dose-response relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encouragement continues to arise from empirical relationships between intensity of exposure, infection and disease outcomes, and efficiency of spread [2,20]. In the mean time, the behaviour of the generic SI R model (where the functional form for the transmission rate can be fairly general) is worth characterizing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamical behaviour of epidemiological models with sub-optimal immunity and nonlinear incidence

et al. 2005

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Abstract.In this paper we analyze the dynamics of two families of epidemiological models which correspond to transitions from the SI R (susceptible-infectious-resistant) to the SI S (susceptible-infectious-susceptible) frameworks. In these models we assume that the force of infection is a nonlinear function of density of infectious individuals, I . Conditions for the existence of backwards bifurcations, oscillations and Bogdanov-Takens points are given.

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“Links in the Chain” of Disease Transmission

Dunowska¹

2011

Veterinary Infection Prevention and Control

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Studies of Quantitative Parameters of Virus Excretion and Transmission in Pigs and Cattle Experimentally Infected with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Cited by 175 publications

References 30 publications

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

Utility of automated real-time RT-PCR for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk

Dynamical behaviour of epidemiological models with sub-optimal immunity and nonlinear incidence

“Links in the Chain” of Disease Transmission

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