Studies of recent outbreaks of saddle gall midge

Identification of 1-methyloctyl butanoate as the major sex pheromone component from females of the saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

“…Fullygrown larvae leave the stems after rain, usually from midJune to mid-July, and enter the soil where they hibernate. While a portion of the population can remain in diapause up to 6 years, most larvae move up to the surface of the soil the following spring to pupate and emerge as adults 14-25 days later (Nijveldt and Hulshoff 1968;De Clercq and D'Herde 1972;Golightly and Woodville 1974;Skuhravý et al 1983Skuhravý et al , 1993.…”

Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Ten Years of Invasion of Crucifer Crops in North America

“…Because crop rotation has proven to be effective to control other midge species in different crop systems (Golightly andWoodville 1974, Faheemah andSulaiman 1990), rotation also has suggested for Swede midge (Taylor 1912, Rygg and Braekke 1980, Theunissen et al 1997, ISMTF 2005. However, there were no published data to validate this claim.…”

A review of the biology, ecology and control of saddle gall midge,Haplodiplosis marginata(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with a focus on phenological forecasting

“…Eggs are laid in a chain-like or raft-like formation along the leaf veins of cereals and grasses (Dewar, 2012;Censier et al, 2015). Hatching occurs 1-2 weeks after oviposition depending on environmental conditions following which the larvae migrate down the leaf and begin to feed on the stem from beneath the leaf sheath (Golightly & Woodville, 1974). Larval feeding on the stem results in galls 2-5 mm in length which appear as the elongated 'saddle shaped' depressions characteristic of this species.…”

“…Larval feeding on the stem results in galls 2-5 mm in length which appear as the elongated 'saddle shaped' depressions characteristic of this species. The larvae reach maturity between June and mid-July and drop from the stem to enter diapause in chambers in the soil where they overwinter (Golightly & Woodville, 1974;Skuhravý et al, 1993). Pupation generally occurs the following spring, however larvae can remain in diapause in the soil for several years (Nijveldt & Hulshoff, 1968;Popov et al, 1998;Dewar, 2012).…”

“…In the mid-1960s, a survey of the main cereal growing areas showed the species to be prevalent at low levels but of no economic interest (Empson, 1965). Between 1967 and 1972 however, severe outbreaks were reported in isolated areas across the country (Woodville, 1968(Woodville, , 1970(Woodville, , 1973Golightly & Woodville, 1974). The pest was not considered to be a problem again until 2010, when localised outbreaks were reported in central England (Allison, 2010;Case, 2011).…”