Studies of Renal Oxygen Consumption in Man. I. The Effect of Tubular Loading (Pah), Water Diuresis and Osmotic (Mannitol) Diuresis 1

Cardiorenal Actions of TRV120027, a Novel ß-Arrestin–Biased Ligand at the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor, in Healthy and Heart Failure Canines

“…Because renal oxygen delivery depends on renal blood flow and renal oxygen consumption is primarily determined by sodium reabsorption, which correlates well with GFR as most of the filtered sodium in the tubule is reabsorbed, an increase of renal blood flow relative to GFR could improve renal oxygen status. [23][24][25][26][27][28] In healthy canines, TRV120027 dose-dependently increased plasma renin activity, consistent with AT1R blockade. In HF canines, plasma renin activity was increased compared with the normal group at baseline and remained unchanged, which may be due to already high activation of this system at baseline, as also indicated by the elevated angiotensin II levels in HF compared with normal canines.…”

The Relationship of Renal Oxygen Consumption to Renal Function and Weight in Individuals With Normal and Diseased Kidneys*

“…Van Slyke, Rhoads, Hiller and Alving (9), as well as others (10), 839 initially concluded that the total renal oxygen consumption was related to the total renal blood flow. Subsequent studies by Clark and Barker (1) and Barker and Crosley and co-workers (11-13), utilizing measures which alter total renal blood flow, showed that such was not the case in normal human subjects or in patients with renal disease. Thus the arterio-renal venous oxygen difference could indeed narrow or widen in response to change in blood flow, thereby maintaining an unchanged oxygen consumption.…”

“…In previous studies of renal oxygen consumption in man the results have been expressed in the following terms: a) the total oxygen consumed per two kidneys per minute (TQo2) (1); b) the quantity of oxygen utilized per 100 g per minute based on the measurement of TQ02 and an assumed weight of 300 g per two kidneys (1); c) the TQ02 as related to total renal blood flow (TRBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (2). In the later instance Cargill and Hickam (2) concluded that TQO2 was best correlated with the GFR.…”

History of Dietary Protein Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Renal Disease from the Mid 1800s until the 1950s

“…First, as previously discussed, urea feeding did not appear to damage the kidney [17]. Second, renal oxygen consumption did not increase during osmotic diuresis [32,33]. Most of the energy expenditure of the kidney is due to the renal tubular reabsorption of solutes, and particularly sodium and chloride [34] and is not associated with the excretion of osmolytes or concentration of the urine by the kidney.…”