Studies of sebum. 9. Further studies of the composition of the unsaponifiable matter of human-forearm ‘sebum’

Boughton, Barbara; Wheatley, Victor R.

doi:10.1042/bj0730144

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Sebum is a complex oily matrix, comprising monoesters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, free and esterified sterols, fatty alcohols, wax esters and squalene (Mackenna et al 1950, Robosky et al 2008). The occurrence of unusual branched-chain odd-numbered fatty acids in human sebum has been recognised for over five decades (Boughton and Wheatley 1959). The composition of sebum was found to be a unique property of the species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) is the analytical technique of choice for the separation and determination of fatty acids (Eder 1995, Christie 2003). Some of the earliest applications of gas-liquid chromatography, the forerunner of modern GCMS, were studies on human (Mackenna et al 1950, 1951, 1952, 1955, Boughton et al 1955, 1957, 1959, James and Wheatley 1956, Boughton and Wheatley 1959) and animal (Wheatley 1953, Wheatley and James 1957) sebum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The production and composition of rat sebum is unaffected by 3 Gy gamma radiation

Lanz

Ledermann

Slavík

et al. 2010

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Purpose The aim of this work was to use metabolomics to evaluate sebum as a source of biomarkers for gamma-radiation exposure in the rat, and potentially in man. Proof of concept of radiation metabolomics was previously demonstrated in both mouse and rat urine, from the radiation dose- and time-dependent excretion of a set of urinary biomarkers. Materials and methods Rats were gamma-irradiated (3 Gy) or sham irradiated and groups of rats were euthanised at 1 h or 24 h post-irradiation. Sebum was collected by multiple washings of the carcasses with acetone. Nonpolar lipids were extracted, methylated, separated and quantitated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Metabolomic analysis of the GCMS data was performed using both orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis and random forests machine learning algorithm. Results Irradiation did not alter sebum production. A total of 35 lipids were identified in rat sebum, 29 fatty acids, five fatty aldehydes, and cholesterol. Metabolomics showed that three fatty acids, palmitic, 2-hydroxypalmitic, and stearic acids were potential biomarkers. Sebaceous palmitic acid was marginally statistically significantly elevated (7.5–8.4%) at 24 h post-irradiation. Conclusions Rat sebaceous gland appears refractory to 3 Gy gamma-irradiation. Unfortunately, collection of sebum shortly after gamma-irradiation is unlikely to form the basis of high-throughput non-invasive radiation biodosimetry in man.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The production and composition of rat sebum is unaffected by 3 Gy gamma radiation

Lanz

Ledermann

Slavík

et al. 2010

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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“…Dermatologic studies investigated the chemical composition of palmar sweat and sebum [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], allowing the identification of main components of fingerprint residues in early years [15,16]. For typical compounds, such as fatty acids, triglycerides, and wax esters, condensation, evaporation, oxidation, racemization, absorption, and adsorption were reported as possible aging processes [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Structure and Degradation Analysis in Fingerprint Residues

Pleik

Spengler

Schäfer

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. GC-MS investigations were carried out to elucidate the aging behavior of unsaturated fatty acids in fingerprint residues and to identify their degradation products in aged samples. For this purpose, a new sample preparation technique for fingerprint residues was developed that allows producing N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) derivatives of the analyzed unsaturated fatty acids and their degradation products. MSTFA derivatization catalyzed by iodotrimethylsilane enables the reliable identification of aldehydes and oxoacids as characteristic MSTFA derivatives in GCMS. The obtained results elucidate the degradation pathway of unsaturated fatty acids. Our study of aged fingerprint residues reveals that decanal is the main degradation product of the observed unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, oxoacids with different chain lengths are detected as specific degradation products of the unsaturated fatty acids. The detection of the degradation products and their chain length is a simple and effective method to determine the double bond position in unsaturated compounds. We can show that the hexadecenoic and octadecenoic acids found in fingerprint residues are not the pervasive fatty acids Δ9-hexadecenoic (palmitoleic acid) and Δ9-octadecenoic (oleic acid) acid but Δ6-hexadecenoic acid (sapienic acid) and Δ8-octadecenoic acid. The present study focuses on the structure identification of human sebum-specific unsaturated fatty acids in fingerprint residues based on the identification of their degradation products. These results are discussed for further investigations and method developments for age determination of fingerprints, which is still a tremendous challenge because of several factors affecting the aging behavior of individual compounds in fingerprints.

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“…The present study does not lead us to conclude, however, that the Kandutsch-Russell pathway is the only biosynthetic pathway present in the human skin. The presence of trace quantities of dihydrocholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol has been reported previously in the skin surface lipids of man (35,36). The presence of the former has recently been shown by using a combination of silver ion-TLC and GLC methods (35), whereas the latter's presence was shown by ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the digi- The daily loss of cholesterol from the skin surface was 1/4 to 1/6 of the daily total fecal neutral steroid excretion in man (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each subject was given intravenously [35][36][37][38][39][40] ,uCi of either cholesterol-4--4C or cholesterol-la-5H 1 dissolved in 5 ml ethanol and then suspended in 500 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. In the course of the cholesterol turnover study, venous blood samples were drawn in the fasting state weekly or twice weekly for the next 9 or 10 wk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion of sterols from the skin of normal and hypercholesterolemic humans

Bhattacharyya¹,

Connor²,

Spector³

1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T The 24 hr sterol excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five hypercholesterolemic (Type II) patients fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant sterols. All subjects received radiolabeled cholesterol intravenously in order to measure cholesterol turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. Sterols were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of cholesterol in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the hypercholesterolemic patients. Cholesterol constituted 89% of the total sterol excretion through the skin surface in both groups.The specific radioactivity of cholesterol in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface cholesterol, there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma cholesterol and the skin cholesterol.The presence of plant sterols, fi-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol in the skin surface lipids of man has not been reported previously. We identified these sterols in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface sterols.This work was presented in part at

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Studies of sebum. 9. Further studies of the composition of the unsaponifiable matter of human-forearm ‘sebum’

Abstract: I959 2. Comparison of the bile salts with those of the morphologically similar South American coypu (Myocator cOypu8) previously e ined (Hasle. wood, 1954) supports the view of Wood (1955) that the two rodent species are not closely related in an evolutionary sense.

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

The production and composition of rat sebum is unaffected by 3 Gy gamma radiation

The production and composition of rat sebum is unaffected by 3 Gy gamma radiation

Fatty Acid Structure and Degradation Analysis in Fingerprint Residues

Excretion of sterols from the skin of normal and hypercholesterolemic humans

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