Studies of space-charge waves due to localized perturbations in an electron beam

Induction-accelerator heavy-ion fusion: Status and beam physics issues

“…How do waves reflect at bunch ends for confined, expanding beams? [29] C. Acceleration One issue is how best to shape the initial accelerating waveforms so as to perturb the beam minimally diuring early acceleration? One scenario is termed "loadand-fire," wherein no acceleration takes place' until the entire pulse has been injected.…”

“…Wave propagation Waves if excited will propagate along the beam, with a restoring force associated with both space-charge and (usually to a lesser degree) thermal pressure. Much is known about the propagation of such waves, their mode structure and dispersion, both theoretically[30,3 1,321 and experimentally [29]. In some cases a "longitudinal instability: analogous to the microwave instability seen in storage .…”