Studies of Streptococcal Fibrinolysis. Ii. The Inhibition of Streptococcal Fibrinolysis by Antifibrinolysin and Antiprotease 1

Kaplan, Melvin H.

doi:10.1172/jci101714

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…produced by activation with tissue fibrinokinase. Further, Kaplan (1946) produced evidence that the enzyme obtained from serum by streptokinase activation is not identical with trypsin, because the kinases required for the respective enzyme activities are different. Tagnon et al (1942) and Christensen (1945) observed that fibrinogen and other proteins, as well as fibrin, are attacked with equal velocity and therefore Christenseu abandons the previous term fibrinolysin in favour of plasmin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrinolysis Following Electrically Induced Convulsions

Fantl

Simon

1948

Aust J Exp Biol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The application in this hospital of alternating current for electro-convulsive therapy (E.C.T.) and electronarcbsis in certain mental disturhances afforded the opportunity of investigating the effects of this form of therapy on some of the components of the hlood. Schiitz (1942) ohserved in vitro a delayed coagulation of blood following application of a weak direct current.Brecht and Kummer (1943) noted a leucocytosis immediately after electrical shock; there was no alteration of hlood sugar or protein.Spiegel-Adolf, Spiegel et al. (1945) reported that following the application of a 60 cycle current at 30 volts for 1-2 seconds there were changes in cerehrospinal fluid suggesting the hreakdown of nuclear substances. This statement, however, has since heen contradicted by M. Ii. Hack (1947). Huddleson (1946) observed haemorrhages in the central nervous system in rats following electrical shock. Trojaniello (1947) indicated that dogs subjected to electrical shock by alternating current at 120 volts for a fraction of a second, showed no changes in blood lipase and diastase, but that phosphatase aetivity decreased for about 12 hours. Delay and Soulairac (1943) observed, following E.C.T. in human subjects, a transient inerease in blood albumin, and oeeasionally a slight increase in the globulin fraetion. There was a concomitant increase of blood calcium and inorganic phosphate. Purther, hyperglycemia, leucocytosis, and a decrease in the alkali reserve were demonstrable. EXPERIMENTAL.Electrical convulsions were induced in suitable patients by alternating current (50 cycles) at 120 volts. Three to eight shocks, each of a duration of 0-1 seconds, were given. Blood samples were obtained by venepuncture before and after application of the current and mixed with one-ninth volume of 0-1 M sodium, oxalate solution. The ratio of plasma: cell volume was determined in tubes of uniform size and shape and centrifugation was carried out under identical conditions, which should ensure compai'able results, if not absolute values.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrinolysis Following Electrically Induced Convulsions

Fantl

Simon

1948

Aust J Exp Biol Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, at the end of the 30 day experimental period, the "nodules" were still detectable. No conventional signs of inflamma- Within 24 hours after the single subcutaneous inoculation of 10,000 units (1 ml.) of crude streptokinase, a significant elevation of the tissue hexosamine occurred at each injection site.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Tissue Response to Injections of Enzymes

Schlamowitz

DeGraff

1951

Circulation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The presence of proteolytic enzymes in blood has been known for a long time. A variety of methods and agents have been employed to activate these enzymes. Among these, is streptokinase, a bacterial kinase obtained from the hemolytic streptococcus. The subcutaneous "nodules" and significant hexosamine alterations which occurred following the single subcutaneous inoculation of crude streptokinase, resembled those obtained with partially purified streptokinase and with trypsin-(crude and crystalline). Although it is possible that the results obtained with streptokinase were due to the direct conversion of the proteolytic enzyme to its active form, and that changes noted with trypsin were due to the nullification of the inhibitor with the concomitant liberation of the free and active enzyme, it is also very possible that both trypsin and streptokinase give rise to the liberation of a tissue activator, which in turn catalyzes the transformation of the proteolytic enzyme to its active form.

show abstract

“…As a result of recent studies of streptococcal fibrinolysis and its inhibition (7 to 9) it has been possible to understand more fully the qualitative and quantitative factors which participate in the antifibrinolytic reaction. It was found that the resistance of plasma clots could be attributed to each of the following three factors: (a) the presence in the plasma of specific antibody, antifibri-'This investigation was supported through the Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases, Board (12), the antifibrinolysin content of plasma clots has been measured by the amount of fibrinolysin required to permit dissolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the resistance of plasma clots could be attributed to each of the following three factors: (a) the presence in the plasma of specific antibody, antifibri-'This investigation was supported through the Commission on Acute Respiratory Diseases, Board (12), the antifibrinolysin content of plasma clots has been measured by the amount of fibrinolysin required to permit dissolution. However, this procedure appears objectionable in principle, because of the evidence that fibrinolysin and antifibrinolysin do not combine stoichiometrically, but in multiple proportions (9). It was also observed that fibrinolysin and antifibrinolysin do not combine instantaneously: Approximately 30 minutes were required for completion of the reaction (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this procedure appears objectionable in principle, because of the evidence that fibrinolysin and antifibrinolysin do not combine stoichiometrically, but in multiple proportions (9). It was also observed that fibrinolysin and antifibrinolysin do not combine instantaneously: Approximately 30 minutes were required for completion of the reaction (9). By suitable control of the variables in the fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic reactions, a more reliable method for the quantitative estimation of antifibrinolysin was devised.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Studies of Streptococcal Fibrinolysis. Iii. A Quantitative Method for the Estimation of Serum Antifibrinolysin 1

Kaplan

1946

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The plasma clots of patients convalescent from hemolytic streptococcal infections have frequently been found resistant to dissolution by fibrinolysin (1, 2). The resistance of such clots is generally regarded as a specific response to streptococcal infection; consequently, tests for clot resistance have been widely employed as a diagnosic aid in the study of streptococcal disease. In general, the results of such antifibrinolysin tests have indicated that the development of antifibrinolytic properties in the plasma is correlated with infection due to the ,8-hemolytic streptococcus (3, 4). In some instances, however, the results have appeared to be non-specific (5, 6).As a result of recent studies of streptococcal fibrinolysis and its inhibition (7 to 9) it has been possible to understand more fully the qualitative and quantitative factors which participate in the antifibrinolytic reaction. It was found that the resistance of plasma clots could be attributed to each of the following three factors: (a) the presence in the plasma of specific antibody,

show abstract

Studies of Streptococcal Fibrinolysis. Ii. The Inhibition of Streptococcal Fibrinolysis by Antifibrinolysin and Antiprotease 1

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Fibrinolysis Following Electrically Induced Convulsions

Fibrinolysis Following Electrically Induced Convulsions

Studies of Tissue Response to Injections of Enzymes

Studies of Streptococcal Fibrinolysis. Iii. A Quantitative Method for the Estimation of Serum Antifibrinolysin 1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About