Studies of the brain specificity of S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in blood serum of acute care patients

Kleine, T. O.; Benes, Ludwig; Zöfel, P.

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(03)00090-x

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A recent study suggests that to be strictly relevant to TBI, levels in CSF must be measured, as serum levels are affected by nonnervous system sources. 11 In addition, another study has shown that serum levels of S-100B peak 2 days after CSF levels. 12 As with most new research areas in medicine, the initial work has been with small groups of patients, study designs differ, studies have not controlled for the same preexisting factors, and outcome has generally been measured within 6 months of injury.…”

Section: Clinical Interventions Serum Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Axonal Injury: Novel Insights Into Evolution and Identification

Hurley¹,

McGowan²,

Arfanakis³

et al. 2004

JNP

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Cover. (Bottom) An axial contour map (irregular green lines) of areas that are more than 2 standard deviations below normal white matter magnetization transfer ratio in the region of the splenium of the corpus callosum in a patient with traumatic brain injury. (Top) The approximate axial section is indicated (straight green line) on a normal sagittal T1 weighted magnetic resonance (MR) scan. Figure 1. Axial Diffusion TensorImaging. An area with vasogenic edema is visible in the left frontal lobe on the T2 weighted image (arrows). It is much less evident on the mean diffusion-weighted map of the same section, produced by averaging the diffusion-weighted images obtained in all 23 noncolinear directions of the diffusion gradients. The corresponding trace map shows increased diffusivity in the left frontal lobe (arrows). In the fractional anisotropy map of the same section decreased anisotropy is visible in the left anterior portion of the corpus callosum due to the presence of vasogenic edema (arrowhead). Diffusion anisotropy is also decreased in the anterior portion of the left internal and external capsules (arrow), although these regions are characterized by normal T2 and trace values. A box indicates the region of the spenium of the corpus callosum in which a detailed analysis was performed by overlaying contours that correspond to 2 standard deviations (SD) below normal white matter magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). Arrows indicate regions in which the MTR was more than 2 SD below normal in these two traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases. Both patients had cognitive impairments consistent with TBI.

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Section: Clinical Interventions Serum Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Axonal Injury: Novel Insights Into Evolution and Identification

Hurley¹,

McGowan²,

Arfanakis³

et al. 2004

JNP

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“…Unfortunately, owing to one or more limitations in sensitivity and specificity, none of these has emerged as a widely used diagnostic or prognostic clinical tool or a validated surrogate endpoint measure for irreversible brain damage. For example, although serum levels of S100β change in relation to short-term mortality and morbidity, as well as long-term neurologic outcome, the protein also markedly increases in serum during surgical procedures unrelated to acute brain injuries (Anderson et al, 2001;Routsi et al, 2006) as well as marathon runners (Hasselblatt et al, 2004), from which it is derived from adipose and other extracranial sources (Kleine et al, 2003). Furthermore, acute alterations in serum S100β are not consistently predictive of brain dysfunction resulting from mild brain injury (reviewed by Begaz et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker evidence for mild central nervous system injury after surgically-induced circulation arrest

et al. 2008

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Previously, we identified 14-3-3 β and ζ isoforms and proteolytic fragments of α-spectrin as proteins released from degenerating neurons that also rise markedly in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following experimental brain injury or ischemia in rodents, but these proteins have not been studied before as potential biomarkers for ischemic central nervous system injury in humans. Here we describe longitudinal analysis of these proteins along with the neuron-enriched hypophosphorylated neurofilament H (pNFH) and the deubiquitinating enzyme UCH-L1 in lumbar CSF samples from 19 surgical cases of aortic aneurysm repair, 7 involving cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). CSF levels of the proteins were near the lower limit of detection by Western blot or enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassay at the onset of surgical procedures, but increased substantially in a subset of cases, typically within 12-24 hours. All cases involving DHCA were characterized by >3-fold elevations in CSF levels of the two 14-3-3 isoforms, UCH-L1, and pNFH. Six of 7 also exhibited marked increases in α-spectrin fragments generated by calpain, a protease known to trigger necrotic neurodegeneration. Among cases involving aortic cross-clamping but not DHCA, the proteins rose in CSF preferentially in the subset experiencing acute neurological complications. Our results suggest the neuron-enriched 14-3-3β, 14-3-3ζ, pNFH, UCH-L1, and calpain-cleaved α-spectrin may serve as a panel of biomarkers with clinical potential for the detection and management of ischemic central nervous system injury, including for mild damage associated with surgically-induced circulation arrest.

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“…Positive correlations between serum S100B levels with lymphocyte and granulocyte counts, both induced by cytokines, have been described in noninfectious acute care patients as well Kleine et al [23] but this was not assessed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

S100B and delirium in the geriatric acute care setting

Aly¹,

Abdul–Rahman²,

Said³

et al. 2014

AAR

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Delirium and its relation to biochemical markers have been considered a study question in several research works. The relation between S100B levels and delirium is still a matter of discussion. Objective: To compare the serum level of S100B in patients with and without delirium and to detect the relation between S100B and delirium subtypes. Method: A case control study was conducted on 114 elderly (60 years and older) selected from the geriatric acute care unit at Ain Shams University Hospitals. They were classified into two groups; 58 elderly cases who had delirium diagnosed by Confusion Assessment Method and 56 controls. Then delirium was reclassified according to the subtypes of delirium into Hyperactive: 46 patients, hypoactive: 2 patients, and Mixed: 10 patients. Serum S100B levels were determined by ELISA. Results: Cases were significantly older than controls (72.4 ± 9.4 versus 66.9 ± 5.3 years respectively) (P < 0.001). S100B levels were higher in cases (32.4 ± 9.8 pg/ml) than controls (30 ± 9.3 pg/ml) but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.19). There was no significant difference in S100B levels between the different subtypes of delirium. Conclusion: Delirious patients had higher S100B levels than controls but the difference was not statistically significant.

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Studies of the brain specificity of S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in blood serum of acute care patients

Cited by 67 publications

References 52 publications

Traumatic Axonal Injury: Novel Insights Into Evolution and Identification

Traumatic Axonal Injury: Novel Insights Into Evolution and Identification

Biomarker evidence for mild central nervous system injury after surgically-induced circulation arrest

S100B and delirium in the geriatric acute care setting

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