Studies of the Energy of Metabolism of Normal Individuals: A Standard for Basal Metabolism, With a Nomogram for Clinical Application

Boothby, Walter M.; Berkson, Joseph; Dunn, Halbert L.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1936.116.2.468

Cited by 321 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Although the original equations can be applied over a wide range of age and body types to obtain a reasonable estimate of resting metabolic rate (RMR), only between 50 and 70% of the variability in RMR is explained by the equations, and the equations systematically overestimate measured RMR by at least 5%. 2 Although numerous equations have been subsequently developed, [3][4][5][6][7] they have generally not improved upon this level of random error. 2 The use of metabolic carts is the standard in research settings by which RMR is measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the BodyGem™ hand-held calorimeter

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To assess the validity and reliability of a hand-held indirect calorimeter. DESIGN: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured on two separate mornings. SUBJECTS: A heterogeneous sample of 41 healthy adults. MEASUREMENTS: RMR using both a metabolic cart (Sensormedics 2900, SM-2900) and a hand-held indirect calorimeter (BodyGemt, BG). RESULTS: There were no trial-to-trial differences in RMR measured by the BG (67567163 vs 66977163 kJ/day) or the SM-2900 (64007163 vs 63967167 kJ/day). RMR measured by the BG was significantly higher than that measured by the SM-2900 during both trials. In a sample of 10 subjects, the energy cost of holding the BG in position was determined to be (0.1770.04 kJ/ min, or 255784 kJ/day). After applying this adjustment, the differences between systems were no longer significant during trial 1 (mean difference ¼ 101767 kJ/day) or trial 2 (46775 kJ/day). In overweight and obese individuals, RMR measured by the BodyGemt was more accurate than that estimated by the Harris-Benedict equations. CONCLUSION: The BodyGemt provides valid and reliable measurements of RMR. The BodyGemt produces significantly higher values than the Sensor Medics 2900 indirect calorimeter, with the increase largely due to an increased energy demand required to hold the BG in position.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the BodyGem™ hand-held calorimeter

et al. 2004

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“…An alternate prediction equation (Elia and Livesey, 1992;Owen, 1988) was also used in two studies (Hadfield et al, 1992;McCall et al, 2003). A nomogram (Boothby et al, 1936) was used in two studies Haider et al, 1975). Finally, the method used to estimate energy expenditure was not stated explicitly in four trials (Borzotta et al, 1994;Clifton et al, 1986;Robertson et al, 1984Robertson et al, , 1985.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypermetabolism following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

Foley

Marshall

Pikul

et al. 2008

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Elevations of metabolic rate following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been reported previously, with estimates ranging from 32% to 200% above normal values. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the pattern of energy expenditure during the first 30 days following TBI. We searched six databases for trials that measured the energy expenditure at least once during the first 30 days post-injury and compared that value to one that would be predicted in the non-injured state. We identified 24 studies, three of which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The sample sizes of the included studies ranged from 6 to 80 (mean, 24.7), and the mean Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of subjects was 4.8. Mean energy expenditure, expressed as a percentage of a predicted value, ranged from 75% to 200%. The lowest values were reported in patients admitted in brain death. Several factors were found to have modulating effects on energy expenditure. The administration of paralyzing agents, sedatives, or barbiturates reduced metabolic rate by approximately 12-32%. Propranolol and morphine were associated with smaller decreases in energy expenditure. Factors that do not appear to augment the hypermetabolic response included the administration of steroids and method of feeding (enteral vs. parenteral). Based on our results, it was unclear if elevated temperature, the presence of extracranial injury, or the severity of injury further exacerbate hypermetabolism. We conclude that energy expenditure following TBI is highly variable, and the use of standard factors to estimate the energy needs of individual patients are inappropriate and should be discouraged.

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“…Heart rate response to precise, sübmaximal exercise is the physiological basis for estimating VO2 max by cycle ergometry. The determination of each individual's normal resting heart rate was an important reference for the ultimate evaluation of normality in heart rate response to exercise, and this was determined under controlled conditions employed in classic basal metabolism experiments 5 .…”

Section: Experimental Evaluation Of Cycle Ergometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of Submaximal Cycle Ergometry for Estimating Aerobic Capacity

Myhre¹,

Tolan²,

Bauer³

et al. 1998

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Studies of the Energy of Metabolism of Normal Individuals: A Standard for Basal Metabolism, With a Nomogram for Clinical Application

Cited by 321 publications

References 0 publications

Validation of the BodyGem™ hand-held calorimeter

Validation of the BodyGem™ hand-held calorimeter

Hypermetabolism following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

Validity of Submaximal Cycle Ergometry for Estimating Aerobic Capacity

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