Studies of the Gravlee jet washer in the detection of endometrial neoplasia

Cytological assessment of endometrial washings obtained with an insemination cannula and its histological correlation

“…Table 3 also compares the inadequacy rates and the causes reported by various authors with those of the present study. The inadequacy rates obtained by using the Gravlee Jet Washer have been reported by Dowling et al, [7] Afonso et al, [8] and Richart et al, [9] to be 27, 1.66, and 9.6% respectively. Using the Isaac endosampler [10] gave a 2.5% inadequacy rate which was very close to the rates given by Liza et al [11] (2.8%) and the present study (6.6%).…”

“…In the present study too, the insemination cannula was used Dowling et al [7] Gravlee jet washer 27 Atrophic endometrium, recent abortion Isaacs et al [10] Isaac endosampler 2.5 Drying artefact, failure of insertion Afonso [8] Gravlee jet washer 1.6 Cervical stenosis, distorted endocervical canal Richart et al [9] Gravlee jet washer 9.6 Cervical stenosis Liza et al [11] Insemination canula 2.8 Post menopausal age Present study Insemination cannula 6.6 Atrophic endometrium and technical failure [13] Gravlee jet washer 88.1 98.6 Byrne [14] Endocyte 92 100 Bistoletti et al [5] Endopap 97 84 Liza et al [11] Insemination which gave a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 95.4%. Similar studies were also done by An-Foraker et al, [4] Favre et al, [13] Byrne [14] and Bistoletti and Hjerpe [5] by using different devices such as the Isaac cell sampler, [10] Gravlee jet washer, [7] Endocyte, [14] and Endopap.…”

“…The various causes of inadequacy of cellular yield in EAC [7][8][9][10][11] have been summarized in Table 3. These include atrophic endometrium, stenosis of cervical canal, difficulty in insertion, drying artifact, and poor technique.…”