Studies of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere using artificial periodic inhomogeneities in the ionospheric plasma

Abstract

Abstract. This paper is devoted to a ground-based method for diagnostics of the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere. This method uses one of the numerous physical phenomena observed in the ionosphere illuminated by a high-power radio wave, namely, the generation of artificial periodic inhomogeneities. New results on the ionospheric and atmospheric parameter measurements at E region heights are given.

Artificial periodic irregularities, hydrodynamic instabilities, and dynamic processes in the mesosphere—lower thermosphere

“…The methods of measuring atmospheric parameters by means of resonant scattering of radio waves by artificial periodic irregularities are described in detail in [3,[7][8][9]. They were developed as the effect of high-power high-frequency radio waves on the ionosphere was studied.…”

“…3.2, it is shown that for the linear profile, the temperature gradient values ∂T /∂z < −(10-12) K/km are sufficient for the occurrence of an instability, in accordance with Eqs. (9) and (10). The medium is expected to become turbulent due to the excitation of internal gravity waves of different periods and the rise in their amplitude [29,30].…”

Artificial periodic irregularities in the high‐latitude ionosphere excited by the HAARP facility

“…Currently, API technique is used as method to study the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere. Results of these studies and the theory of API formation and decay are summarized in the monograph [ Belikovich et al ., ] and papers [ Bakhmet ' eva et al ., ; Bakhmetieva and Belikovich , , ; Grigoriev et al ., ; Tolmacheva et al ., ]. APIs were observed at the heating facilities at Arecibo [ Feier et al ., ], High Power Auroral Stimulation (HIPAS) [ Djuth et al ., ], European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) [ Rietveld et al ., ; Rietveld and Goncharov , ; Vierinen et al ., ], and High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) [ Hysell et al ., ; Grach et al ., ].…”

Grating formation by a high power radio wave in near-equator ionosphere

“…The creation of artificial periodic inhomogeneities (APIs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] in the ionosphere by ground-based, high frequency (HF) modification facilities has been a subject of considerable interest as it plays significant role in geophysical and radio physical phenomena and communication. First, such observation was made by Belikovich et al, 11 in 1975.…”