Studies of the life cycle of Gremmeniella abietina on Scots pine in southern Sweden

Hellgren, Magnus; Barklund, Pia

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1992.tb00797.x

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Witzell, A. Bernhold and P. Hansson The results of this study show that the vitality of G. abietina conidia in P. sylvestris slash on ground in northern boreal areas remain high the entire period from felling of infected trees until conidia dispersal. This saprotrophic ability agrees with earlier findings from Fennoscandia, concluding that G. abietina can survive and reproduce for at least 2 years in dead shoots of living trees (Hellgren and Barklund 1992;Kaitera et al 1997), and even longer in cankers (Kurkela 1981;Witzell 2001). Our results are also similar to those of Dorworth (1972) who showed that apothecia of the North American race of G. abietina are able to survive for at least 10 months on Pinus resinosa slash.…”

supporting

confidence: 95%

“…The aim of this study was to investigate the survival and vitality of G. abietina in slash of clear-cut P. sylvestris stands infected by G. abietina in northern Sweden, and to determine an optimal time for sanitation felling in Gremmeniella-infected areas. In southern and central Sweden most conidia are dispersed earlier, between April and July, and sporulation ends already in August (Hellgren and Barklund 1992). Once a month between September 2003 and April 2004, two to three of the selected trees were cut down and debranched along the stems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and vitality of Gremmeniella abietina on Pinus sylvestris slash in northern Sweden

Witzell¹,

Bernhold

Hansson

2006

Forest Pathology

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Survival and vitality of Gremmeniella abietina on Pinus sylvestris slash was studied in northern Sweden during 2003 and 2004. Once a month between September 2003 and April 2004, two to three trees were cut down and debranched. Shoots with pycnidia were sampled at the felling date and then at every consecutive month. The percentage of germinated conidia from each shoot was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 h incubation. The vitality of G. abietina pycnidia in the slash remained high the whole period. Intact pycnidia were found on slash several months after the time of conidial sporulation, which indicates that new pycnidia may be produced on dead pine branches. Sampling of shoots from slash on 13-to 18-month-old clear-cuts showed conidial germination capacity as high as in pycnidia collected in fresh slash. Due to survival of G. abietina in slash it is recommended to postpone planting of P. sylvestris seedlings in northern boreal areas to the third vegetation period after sanitary clear-cuts.

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supporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and vitality of Gremmeniella abietina on Pinus sylvestris slash in northern Sweden

Witzell¹,

Bernhold

Hansson

2006

Forest Pathology

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“…Our results strongly suggest that the degeneration of the pathogen began in the fall of 2007. This two-year life cycle of the anamorph stage is in accordance with studies of G. abietina in Sweden where the pathogen appeared to have a biennial life cycle [10]. In a study similar to ours conducted in Sweden, it was shown that 18-month-old slash produced as much conidia as fresh slash [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Two-Year Survival of Gremmeniella abietina Conidia Collected on Branches Left on the Ground after Pine Harvesting

Laflamme

Rioux

2015

Forests

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Abstract:In 1972, it was reported that viable ascospores and conidia of Gremmeniella abietina, North American race, were present on dead branches up to 10 months after they were killed. In Sweden, the survival period of conidia of G. abietina, European race, was reported to be over 18 months. We investigated the viability of conidia produced by G. abietina, European race, over a 2-year period in eastern Canada. Infected branches with pycnidia were left on the ground in June 2006. Branches were sampled every month during three growing seasons. Conidia germination was tested monthly and showed a very high rate of germination (76%-98%) from July 2006 to August 2007. Very few pycnidia were detected in the fall of 2007 and in May 2008. In June and July 2008, no pycnidia could be observed, the shoots being in an advanced stage of decomposition. In light of these observations, it is recommended to delay pine plantation until after two growing seasons following harvesting of diseased pine trees.

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“…However, dispersal by means of airborne ascospores is known to occur, which may have implications for the spread of the disease (Section 3.1.2). If conidia are involved, infection usually occurs in early summer, whereas ascospores infect later during the growing period and late in autumn (Skilling, ; Gibbs, ; Laflamme and Archambault, ; Hellgren and Barklund, ).…”

Section: Pest Categorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascospores of the European race (see Section 3.1.3 on Intraspecific diversity) were originally thought to be absent or rare (EPPO, 1997), although this statement was provided without reference. In fact, apothecia were produced abundantly on diseased Pinus contorta plantations in northern Sweden (Karlman et al, 1994;Hamelin et al, 1996) and on Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden (Hellgren and Barklund, 1992). The high apothecial production may have been favoured by a longlasting and deep snow cover (Hamelin et al, 1996).…”

Section: Conclusion Of Pest Categorisation (Section 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Gremmeniella abietina

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Plant Health (PLH) Panel performed a pest categorisation of Gremmeniella abietina, a well-defined species and distinguishable fungus of the family Godroniaceae. The species G. abietina includes several varieties, races and biotypes that are found in different geographical locations, on different hosts and that vary in aggressiveness. The pathogen causes diseases on Pinus species and other conifers such as Abies spp., Picea spp., Larix spp. and Pseudotsuga spp. known as Scleroderris canker in North America and Brunchorstia dieback in Europe. G. abietina has been reported from 19 EU Member States, without apparent ecoclimatic factors limiting establishment. The pathogen is a protected zone (PZ) quarantine pest (Annex IIB) for Ireland and the UK (Northern Ireland). The main European hosts are widespread throughout most of the EU and have been frequently planted in the PZ. The main means of spread are wind-blown ascospores, rain-splashed conidia, plants for planting and traded Christmas trees. Given that G. abietina is most damaging to species that are grown towards the limit of their range, impacts can be expected in the PZ, should the pathogen be introduced there. Risk reduction options include selection of disease-free planting material, nursery inspections, selection of planting sites at some distance from infested plantations, appropriate spacing between plants and thinning. The main uncertainties concern the indeterminate endophytic stage of the fungus, the pathogen distribution and the future taxonomic status of G. abietina, given its intraspecific diversity. All the criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as potential PZ quarantine pest are met. The criterion of plants for planting being the main pathway for spread for regulated non-quarantine pests is not met: plants for planting are only one of the means of spread of the pathogen.

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Studies of the life cycle of Gremmeniella abietina on Scots pine in southern Sweden

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Survival and vitality of Gremmeniella abietina on Pinus sylvestris slash in northern Sweden

Survival and vitality of Gremmeniella abietina on Pinus sylvestris slash in northern Sweden

Two-Year Survival of Gremmeniella abietina Conidia Collected on Branches Left on the Ground after Pine Harvesting

Pest categorisation of Gremmeniella abietina

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