Studies of the Spatial Vectorcardiogram in Normal Man

Abstract

The spatial vectorcardiograms of 75 normal subjects have been studied and some features of these records are described. The QRS st and T st-loops were found to have only two basic spatial configurations but with a variety of orientations thus giving widely different planar projections and in part accounting for the wide range of normal electrocardiograms. The significance of this and other findings is discussed and certain concepts pertinent to the study of the vectorcardiogram are presented.

The Normal Vectorcardiogram and a System for the Classification of Vectorcardiographic Abnormalities

“…is an essential difference between cubical and tetrahedral lead systems. The division of normal records into "Type 1" (elliptical) and "Type 2" (more circular and more posterior) described by the New Orleans group' 4 has not been apparent in our series. It is of interest that comparison of records from the equilateral tetrahedron and from a "corrected" lead…”

A Theoretic Analysis of the Effects of Dipole Eccentricity upon the Manifest Vectors, the Manifest QRS Loops and the Potential of the Central Terminal

“…Se sugiere que esto ofrece una explicacion para el hallazgo de potenciales pequefios en la espalda euando el eje manifiesto QRS es pequeno. 5. Se concluye que la excentricidad de dipolo explica algunos de los lazos "torcidos" y "doblados" registrados por los vectorcardiografos espaciales.…”

A Study of the Spatial Vectorcardiogram in Subjects with Posterior Myocardial Infarction

“…By upward displacement is inealnt displace-Inent largely into the second sextant of the triaxial reference sy-stem of the frontal plane.The degree of llpward displacement was more pronounced ill the afferenit limb in-all 11 of these loops, and, thus, the direction of inscription in the frontal plane proj'ctiOn was counterclockwise ill all except the four ill which figuire-of-eight coidiguratiolls1 Nwere found. Ill the left sagittal plane projectioin, five QRS sf2-loops were inscribed in a counterclockwise and six in a clockwise direction.…”