Studies of the Vegetation of the English Chalk: III. The Chalk Grasslands of Hampshire-Sussex Border

Tansley, A. G.; Adamson, R. S.

doi:10.2307/2255283

Cited by 176 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…In the words of Tansley and Adamson (49), "The general conclusions are very much what might have been expected from the more or less vague knowledge we already possessed." Our results indicate that some HNF species that are present in North Sea waters and that pass through filters with a nominal pore size of 0.8 m can efficiently suppress planktonic blooms of Alteromonas, Vibrio, and Pseudoalteromonas spp.…”

Section: Vol 69 2003 Bacterial Population Dynamics In Marine Enrichmentioning

confidence: 86%

Are Readily Culturable Bacteria in Coastal North Sea Waters Suppressed by Selective Grazing Mortality?

Beardsley

Pernthaler

Wosniok

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

110

108

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We studied the growth of six culturable bacterial lineages from coastal North Sea picoplankton in environmental samples under different incubation conditions. The grazing pressure of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) was reduced either by double prefiltration through 0.8-m-pore-size filters or by 10-fold dilutions with 0.2-m (pore-size) prefiltered seawater. We hypothesized that those ␥-proteobacterial genera that are rapidly enriched would also be most strongly affected by HNF regrowth. In the absence of HNF, the mean protein content per bacterial cell increased in both treatments compared to environmental samples, whereas the opposite trend was found in incubations of unaltered seawater. Significant responses to the experimental manipulations were observed in Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, and Vibrio populations. No treatment-specific effects could be detected for members of the Roseobacter group, the Cytophaga latercula-C. marinoflava lineage, or the NOR5 clade. Statistical analysis confirmed a transient increase in the proportions of Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, and Vibrio cells at reduced HNF densities only, followed by an overproportional decline during the phase of HNF regrowth. Cells from these genera were significantly larger than the community average in the dilution treatments, and changes in their relative abundances were negatively correlated with HNF densities. Our findings suggest that bacteria affiliated with frequently isolated genera such as Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, and Vibrio might be rare in coastal North Sea picoplankton because their rapid growth response to changing environmental conditions is counterbalanced by a higher grazing mortality.During the past several years, our understanding of the ecological importance of culturable and uncultured lineages of marine picoplankton has been repeatedly challenged. For more than a decade, direct molecular cloning of microbial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences has revealed a high diversity of uncultured bacteria and archaea (11,15). These microbial lineages were regarded as more typical for the pelagic environment than members of the traditionally isolated genera. However, cloning of PCR amplificates has been shown to discriminate, e.g., against the Bacteroidetes (2), an important group of coastal marine bacteria (7) with many culturable representatives (34). At the same time, the ecological importance of members from culturable bacterial lineages such as the Roseobacter clade is increasingly recognized (19,52). Moreover, innovative cultivation approaches have yielded isolates from previously uncultured bacterial lineages that form substantial populations in the marine environment (7, 37). The most extreme positions have been voiced by Pinhassi et al. (34), who argued that the majority of common picoplankton bacteria are able to form colonies on agar plates and rich media, and Garcia-Martínez et al. (13), who claimed that Ͼ50% of picoplankton rRNA in deeper Mediterranean waters originates from Alteromonas macleodii-like bacteria.Never...

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Section: Vol 69 2003 Bacterial Population Dynamics In Marine Enrichmentioning

confidence: 86%

Are Readily Culturable Bacteria in Coastal North Sea Waters Suppressed by Selective Grazing Mortality?

Beardsley

Pernthaler

Wosniok

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

110

108

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“…The presence of herbivores exerts selection pressure for fastergrowing grasses, for shorter stature, for unpalatability, and for physical defenses -such as spines -against herbivores [57,58]. In experiments, herbivores have been shown to either increase or decrease diversity in ecological time, depending upon whether dominants are relatively more or less favored [59][60][61][62]. Over evolutionary time, herbivores almost certainly increase trait diversity, since defenses are costly [63].…”

Section: Biodiversity Emergentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of diversity in plant communities

Levin

Muller‐Landau

2000

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Scienc

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“…The pollen of G. mollugo flowers also serves as a food source for a variety of beneficial non-phytophagous insects (Batra 1984). Tansley and Adamson (1925) reported that it was a food source for wild rabbits.…”

Section: Economic Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, G. mollugo is considered an effective invasive species because of its ability to colonize and proliferate in areas such as established meadows, where most invaders do not thrive (Tansley and Adamson 1925;Buchwald 1996). For instance, in a 4-ha bird's-foot trefoil pasture in Lodi, NY, G. mollugo density increased from a few scattered clumps of plants to more than 17 clumps m -2 in less than 10 yr (Kinne 1955).…”

Section: Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L.

Mersereau¹,

DiTommaso²

2003

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Mersereau, D. and DiTommaso, A. 2003. The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 83: [453][454][455][456][457][458][459][460][461][462][463][464][465][466]. Galium mollugo L. (smooth bedstraw) is a long-lived perennial broadleaved plant that reproduces both vegetatively and by seed. Galium mollugo can be a strong competitor in long-lived forage crops such as bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), as well as in short-lived forage crops such as red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and yellow sweet-clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.]. It is also a problem weed in spruce plantations and re-vegetation areas. Livestock typically avoid this species, allowing it to become well-established in pastures where it outcompetes more favourable species. Moreover, G. mollugo is viewed as a successful invasive species because of its ability to colonize and proliferate in areas such as established meadows where most invasive species do not thrive. In natural meadow communities, G. mollugo is often a dominant species that is capable of colonizing areas left vacant by the death and/or displacement of other species. Under favourable conditions, G. mollugo growth and clonal expansion can increase rapidly. Galium mollugo is generally tolerant to herbicides such as 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4-DB, and dicamba.

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Studies of the Vegetation of the English Chalk: III. The Chalk Grasslands of Hampshire-Sussex Border

Cited by 176 publications

References 0 publications

Are Readily Culturable Bacteria in Coastal North Sea Waters Suppressed by Selective Grazing Mortality?

Are Readily Culturable Bacteria in Coastal North Sea Waters Suppressed by Selective Grazing Mortality?

The emergence of diversity in plant communities

The biology of Canadian weeds. 121. Galium mollugo L.

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