Studies of tracking behavior. II. The acceleration pattern of quick manual corrective responses.

Taylor, Franklin V.; Birmingham, H. P.

doi:10.1037/h0063246

Cited by 51 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has already been noticed from previous experimental studies on skilled movements that in many voluntary motor acts the subjects varied the speed of movement with amplitude to keep the duration relatively constant (Searle and Taylor, 1948;Taylor and Birmingham, 1948;Annett et al, 1958;Johns and Draper, 1964). Similar observations were made by Katz (1948) when measuring the time required for automatic fast writing movements of different amplitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles

1978

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Summary,The relationship between the speed of the fastest possible voluntary contractions and their amplitude was examined for several handand forearm muscles under isometric and isotonic conditions.The consistent finding was the amplitude dependence of the speed of the fastest voluntary efforts: the larger the amplitude, the faster the contraction. The increase of the rate of rise of isometric tension or of the velocity of isotonic movements with rising amplitude was linear. The slope of this relationship was the same for three different hand-and forearm muscles examined.The duration of the contractions measured from onset to peak was approximately constant for all amplitudes. The duration of the EMG-burst recorded from the contracting muscle was similar as the time from onset to peak of the contraction.These results show that the skeleto-motor speed control system operates by adjusting the velocity of a contraction to its amplitude in such a way that the contraction time remains approximately constant. It is suggested that this type of speed control is a necessary requirement for the synchrony of synergistic muscle contractions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles

1978

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“…Manifested in the multi-peaked velocity profiles, submovements have been described for pursuit tracking (Hick 1948;Miall et al 1986Miall et al , 1988Noble et al 1955;Searle and Taylor 1948;Taylor and Birmingham 1948;Vince 1948), reaching (Meyer et al 1982), interception of moving targets (Lee et al 1997), pointing (Fitts 1954), rapid hand movements (Novak et al 2000(Novak et al , 2002, and drawing (Massey et al 1992). Submovements characterize both human and nonhuman primate limb movements (Miall et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic Analysis of Manual Tracking in Monkeys: Characterization of Movement Intermittencies During a Circular Tracking Task

Roitman¹,

Massaquoi²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Roitman, A. V., S. G. Massaquoi, K. Takahashi, and T. J. Ebner. Kinematic analysis of manual tracking in monkeys: characterization of movement intermittencies during a circular tracking task. J Neurophysiol 91: 901-911, 2004. First published October 15, 2003 10.1152/jn.00261.2003. Segmentation of the velocity profiles into the submovements has been observed in reaching and tracking limb movements and even in isometric tasks. Submovements have been implicated in both feed-forward and feedback control. In this study, submovements were analyzed during manual tracking in the nonhuman primate with the focus on the amplitude-duration scaling of submovements and the error signals involved in their control. The task consisted of the interception and visually guided pursuit of a target moving in a circle. The submovements were quantified based on their duration and amplitude in the speed profile. Control experiments using passive movements demonstrated that these intermittencies were not instrumentation artifacts. Submovements were prominent in both the interception and tracking phases and their amplitude scaled linearly with duration. The scaling factors increased with tracking speed at the same rate for both interception and pursuit. A cross-correlation analysis between a variety of error signals and the speed profile revealed that direction and speed errors were temporally coupled to the submovements. The cross-correlation profiles suggest that submovements are initiated when speed error reaches a certain limit and when direction error is minimized. The scaling results show that in monkeys submovements characterize both the interception and pursuit portions of the task and that these submovements have similar scaling properties consistent with 1) the concept of stereotypy and 2) adding constant acceleration/force at a specific tracking speed. The correlation results show involvement of speed and direction error signals in controlling the submovements.

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“…Two early papers are Searle and Taylor (1948) and Taylor and Birmingham (1948), and new research and methods are reported in Walls and Schafer (2006) and Chow, Ferrer and Nesselroade (in press). Sliders have been used in music cognition by Madsen and Fredrickson (1993) and by Vines, Krumhansl, Wanderley and Levitin (2006) to record continuous judgements of tension and of phrasing in a musical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

From Zero to Sixty: Calibrating Real-Time Responses

2008

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Studies of tracking behavior. II. The acceleration pattern of quick manual corrective responses.

Cited by 51 publications

References 8 publications

The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles

The relationship between speed and amplitude of the fastest voluntary contractions of human arm muscles

Kinematic Analysis of Manual Tracking in Monkeys: Characterization of Movement Intermittencies During a Circular Tracking Task

From Zero to Sixty: Calibrating Real-Time Responses

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