Studies on Aster Yellows

Kunkel, L. O.

doi:10.2307/2435474

Cited by 103 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Mulberry dwarf disease was first observed in Japan during the Tokugawa Period (1603–1868), and spread widely causing severe damage to mulberry plants (Okuda, 1972). Cases of paulownia witches’ broom disease, rice yellow dwarf disease and yellows diseases have been reported since the early 1900s (Kunkel, 1926; Lee et al ., 2000; Okuda, 1972). Before 1967, the causal agent of these diseases was thought to be a virus, because it could not be cultured in artificial media, was insect transmitted and the symptoms were often similar to those of viral diseases (Doi et al ., 1967; Lee et al ., 2000).…”

Section: Phytoplasma Discovery and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplasmas: bacteria that manipulate plants and insects

Hogenhout

Oshima

Ammar

et al. 2008

Molecular Plant Pathology

533

410

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Section: Phytoplasma Discovery and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplasmas: bacteria that manipulate plants and insects

Hogenhout

Oshima

Ammar

et al. 2008

Molecular Plant Pathology

533

410

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“…Phytoplasmas belong to the class mollicutes and are minute bacteria without cell walls that inhabit plant sieve tubes. The first discovered phytoplasma‐associated disease, aster yellows (16SrI group), was described by Kunkel (). The two phytoplasma diseases of citrus exhibiting distinct symptoms include ‘Stubborn disease of citrus’, caused by culturable Spiroplasma citri , which induces varying degrees of stunting, leaf atrophy, mottling or chlorosis (Saglio et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Inoculation of Peanut Witches' Broom Phytoplasma (16SrII‐A) and Periwinkle Leaf Yellowing Phytoplasma (16SrI‐B) in Citrus Cultivars in Taiwan

Feng

Hung

2014

Journal of Phytopathology

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To clarify the phytoplasma associated with Huanglongbing (HLB), a detection survey of phytoplasma in field citrus trees was performed using the standardized nested PCR assay with primer set P1/16S-Sr and R16F2n/ R16R2. The HLB-diseased citrus trees with typical HLB symptoms showed a high detection of 89.7% (322/359) of HLB-Las, while a low detection of phytoplasma at 1.1% (4/359) was examined in an HLB-affected Wentan pummelo (Citrus grandis) tree (1/63) and Tahiti lime (C. latifolia) trees (3/ 53) that were co-infected with HLB-Las. The phytoplasma alone was also detected in a healthy Wentan pummelo tree (1/60) at a low incidence total of 0.3% (1/347). Healthy citrus plants were inoculated with the citrus phytoplasma (WP-DL) by graft inoculation with phytoplasma-infected pummelo scions. Positive detections of phytoplasma were monitored only in the Wentan pummelo plant 4 months and 3.5 years after inoculation, and no symptoms developed. The citrus phytoplasma infected and persistently survived in a low titre and at a very uneven distribution in citrus plants. Peanut witches' broom (PnWB) phytoplasma (16SrII-A) and periwinkle leaf yellowing (PLY) phytoplasma belonging to the aster yellows group (16SrI-B) maintained in periwinkle plants were inoculated into healthy citrus plants by dodder transmission. The PnWB phytoplasma showed infection through positive detection of the nested PCR assay in citrus plants and persistently survived without symptom expression up to 4 years after inoculation. Positive detections of the phytoplasma were found in a low titre and several incidences in the other inoculated citrus plants including Ponkan mandarin, Liucheng sweet orange, Eureka lemon and Hirami lemon. None of the phytoplasma-infected citrus plants developed symptoms. Furthermore, artificial inoculation of PLY phytoplasma (16SrI-B) into the healthy citrus plants demonstrated no infection. The citrus symptomless phytoplasma was identified to belong to the PnWB phytoplasma group (16SrII-A).

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“…Although their anatomic responses have been reported to be similar, Girolami (19.55) and Rasa and Esau (1961) have shown some differences. Kunkel (1926) reported the transmission of the aster yellows virus by the leafhopper in more than 50 plant families. Kunkel (1926) reported the transmission of the aster yellows virus by the leafhopper in more than 50 plant families.…”

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The Anatomic Responses of Daucus Carota to the Aster Yellows Virus

Struckmeyer

1963

American J of Botany

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Struckmeyer, B. Esther. (U. Wisconsin, Madison.) The anatomic responses of Daucus carota to the aster yellows virus. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(9): 959–963. Ilus. 1963.—The leaves, petioles, and roots of carrots (Daucus carota) displaying aster yellows virus in the field and those infected with the aster yellows virus inoculated by the 6‐spotted leafhopper were examined anatomically. Compared to the uninoculated, the young infected leaves displayed fewer layers of palisade cells and larger spongy parenchyma cells with a more compact arrangement. Mature leaves of infected plants sometimes were undulated and had few chloroplasts, many of which appeared fragmented. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the phloem tissue were associated with some necrosis and obliteration of cells. Long, needle‐shaped crystalline inclusion bodies were present in the phloem in the leaves and roots. Most of the vascular bundles of the petiole were abnormal. Malformations included proliferating phloem cells, which in some instances almost encircled the bundle, hyperplasia of the phloem, hypertrophy of the parenchyma, and considerable necrosis and obliteration of these cells. Other responses included the division into 3 or 4 rows of the large outer phloem parenchyma by parallel walls so that a cambium‐like layer was simulated. The tissue enclosed by this layer divided and underwent considerable necrosis and gummosis. Lacunae were found between the phloem bundle cap and the older phloem. Some of the cells in the phloem tissue differentiated into bundles with xylem. Numerous, short, lateral roots were conspicuous on the main root. The most noticeable response of the root tissue to this malady was hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the phloem followed by cellular disorganization, necrosis, and obliteration of cells. Some sieve tubes, companion cells, and parenchyma contained a gumlike deposit.

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Studies on Aster Yellows

Cited by 103 publications

References 4 publications

Phytoplasmas: bacteria that manipulate plants and insects

Phytoplasmas: bacteria that manipulate plants and insects

Detection and Inoculation of Peanut Witches' Broom Phytoplasma (16SrII‐A) and Periwinkle Leaf Yellowing Phytoplasma (16SrI‐B) in Citrus Cultivars in Taiwan

The Anatomic Responses of Daucus Carota to the Aster Yellows Virus

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