Studies on Brassica carinata Seed. 1. Protein Molecular Structure in Relation to Protein Nutritive Values and Metabolic Characteristics

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the protein chemical profile, (2) the protein subfractions partitioned by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), (3) the rumen crude protein (CP) degradation kinetics, (4) the protein supply predicted by the DVE/OEB system, (5) the protein structural features using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique with attenuated total reflectance (ATR), and (6) the correlations between protein intrinsic structural features and nutritional profiles in three strains of Brassica carinata in yellow and brown seed coats, with comparison to canola seed as a reference. The results showed that carinata seed strains were different in both nutritional values and IR absorbance within the protein spectral region (ca. 1720-1482 cm(-1)). The comparison between yellow and brown B. carinata seeds indicated that the former was lower in acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP; P = 0.002) and undegradable protein fraction (PC; P = 0.002) and greater in the degradable (D) fraction (P = 0.004) and true absorbed protein in the small intestine (DVE; P = 0.02) as well as feed milk value (FMV; P = 0.02) than the latter. The brown canola seed (Brassica napus L.) was also not in full accordance with B. carinata seed on these parameters. The FTIR studies showed significant differences in protein amide II peak height, amide I peak area, and β-sheet height among different B. carinata strains. However, multivariate spectral analyses indicated a similarity in protein structural makeup in these four kinds of oilseed. The not very strong correlations shown in this study implied that the limited sample size and narrow range in biological and spectral variation might be responses for the weak relationships between chemical profile and mid-IR spectral data. Further studies using sufficient samples with wide and diverse range in nutritional properties are needed to illustrate the actual relationship between spectroscopic data and nutritional profiles in oilseeds.

Univariate and multi‐variate comparisons of protein and carbohydrate molecular structural conformations and their associations with nutritive factors in typical by‐products

“…Most strong correlations within the carbohydrate region were observed between CELC area and tdCP, tdNDF, TDN 3x , ME, and NE m with r = 0.67–0.85 and between TSCHO area with tdCP, TDN 1x , ME 3x and ME with r = 0.71–0.75. Our results were not fully in agreement with those found in previous works targeting Brassica carinata seed, oilseed meals and DDGS . The limited sample sizes ( n = 4–9) or relatively narrow variations existed in both spectroscopic and nutrient information in these studies might account for the inconsistent data.…”

“…Numerous workers reported the close relationships between molecular structural features of protein or carbohydrate related functional groups and nutrient parameters in food/feed samples, such as barley, DDGS, and oilseed or oilseed meals . However, each of these works only focused on limited sample varieties and all the results failed to reach a consistent conclusion.…”

“…The spectral parameters, including peak height and area, were identified with the aid of OMNIC 7.2 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) which is considered as a necessary tool and has been successfully used in previous literature . Within the region (baseline ca .…”

“…Therefore, data obtained only from traditional chemical analysis seems not to be enough for fully effective utilisation of each feed ingredient to animals. This is because we have a better understanding of intrinsic molecular structures of biopolymers, which are usually destroyed during strong chemical reactions, has been the subject of greater focus by animal nutritionists recently . As is well documented, internal structural effects may have a significant role in the variations on the biodegradation behaviour, nutrient quality and availability to animals among the feedstuffs containing the same content of some components, such as protein.…”

Magnitude Differences in Bioactive Compounds, Chemical Functional Groups, Fatty Acid Profiles, Nutrient Degradation and Digestion, Molecular Structure, and Metabolic Characteristics of Protein in Newly Developed Yellow-Seeded and Black-Seeded Canola Lines

“…The fact that the seed coat color did not result in different CP contents is in accordance with a previous study targeting brown and yellow carinata seeds. 36 Bioactive Compounds, Anti-nutrition Factors, and Fatty Acid Profiles. Data on the fatty acid profile and the bioactive compounds present in yellow and black canola seeds are summarized in Table 2.…”