Studies on cestode metabolism. V. The chemical composition of Diphyllobothrium sp. in the plerocercoid and adult stages

Archer, D.M.; Hopkins, C. A.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(58)90045-6

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Changes in the chemical composition of cestodes related to different stages of development have been reported by Archer & Hopkins (1958) and Hopkins & Hutchison (1958). While in these previous studies the developmental stages were in different hosts, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Changes in the chemical composition ofHymenolepis diminuta(Cestoda:Cyclophyllidea) during prepatent development within the rat intestine

Mettrick

Cannon

1970

Parasitology

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The changes in the percentage chemical composition of both complete strobilae, and of the immature, mature, and gravid regions of the strobila ofHymenolepis diminutahave been studied during development of the worms from 5 to 16 days postinfection. The chemical components that have been evaluated are non-protein nitrogen, protein nitrogen, ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid,lyo-glycogen,desmo-glycogen and total lipid.While the nitrogen, RNA and DNA fractions, expressed asμg/mg of worm dry weight, all decreased markedly with increasing worm age and size, the carbohydrate and lipid fractions increased over the same period of development.In worms up to 7 days old there is a high non-protein nitrogen value, high RNA and DNA fractions, thelyo-glycogen component of the total carbohydrate is very large, but the amount of carbohydrate expressed as a percentage of dry weight is low. These values are associated with the very high rate of metabolism of the young worms. From 7 to 16 days postinfection the rate of growth slows considerably, which is reflected in the corresponding decreases in the non-protein nitrogen, RNA and DNA fractions, and the increase in the total carbohydrate percentage.The changes in the chemical composition along a complete strobila complement the morphological evidence as the emphasis switches from segmentation to tissue differentiation and organ maturation.The changes with age in the percentage composition of the same region of the strobila show that neither the complete worms nor the different regions of a strobila are static in terms of their chemical components, but are changing systems which may be correlated with the ontogenetic development and migrational behaviour of the worms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Changes in the chemical composition ofHymenolepis diminuta(Cestoda:Cyclophyllidea) during prepatent development within the rat intestine

Mettrick

Cannon

1970

Parasitology

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“…suckers, tegumental changes, mitochondria proliferation, etc.) and accumulating energy reserves (Hopkins, 1952; Heyneman and Voge, 1957; Archer and Hopkins, 1958; Vickerman, 1965). Presumably, there is a threshold level of resources or development that must be attained in order to successfully deal with the challenges of infecting a new host.…”

Section: Evolutionary Links Between Life Cycle Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomy and integration in complex parasite life cycles

Benesh

2016

Parasitology

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SUMMARYComplex life cycles are common in free-living and parasitic organisms alike. The adaptive decoupling hypothesis postulates that separate life cycle stages have a degree of developmental and genetic autonomy, allowing them to be independently optimized for dissimilar, competing tasks. That is, complex life cycles evolved to facilitate functional specialization. Here, I review the connections between the different stages in parasite life cycles. I first examine evolutionary connections between life stages, such as the genetic coupling of parasite performance in consecutive hosts, the interspecific correlations between traits expressed in different hosts, and the developmental and functional obstacles to stage loss. Then, I evaluate how environmental factors link life stages through carryover effects, where stressful larval conditions impact parasites even after transmission to a new host. There is evidence for both autonomy and integration across stages, so the relevant question becomes how integrated are parasite life cycles and through what mechanisms? By highlighting how genetics, development, selection and the environment can lead to interdependencies among successive life stages, I wish to promote a holistic approach to studying complex life cycle parasites and emphasize that what happens in one stage is potentially highly relevant for later stages.

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“…Having acquired more resources, large larvae have more energy to allocate to the various functions necessary for survival and reproduction in the adult habitat (Van Noordwijk and de Jong 1986, Reznick et al 2000). Larval condition is probably critical for parasites, given that infection of the next host is likely an energetically‐demanding process (Archer and Hopkins 1958, Marra and Esch 1970, Smyth and McManus 1989). In some trophically‐transmitted helminths, larvae that experience little competition for host resources, and therefore grow larger, have higher fitness (Rosen and Dick 1983, Steinauer and Nickol 2003, Fredensborg and Poulin 2005), supporting the notion of larval size as a proxy for condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between larval size and fitness in the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus: bigger is better?

Benesh

Weinreich

Kalbe

2012

Oikos

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In organisms with complex life cycles, fitness often increases with body size at the transition from larva to adult. The translation of larval size into fitness, however, can depend on the source of size variation, with size, per se, not always increasing adult success. In parasitic worms, many factors influence larval growth, but little is known about the consequences of this growth variation. We examined how the size of the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in its copepod first intermediate host affects infection success and growth in the stickleback second host. Moreover, we assessed whether the conspicuous growth variation caused by copepod size is fitness-relevant. Using larvae of the same age, we found that larger worms had a substantially higher infection probability and they tended to still be slightly larger after several months of growth in fish. However, big larvae from bigger copepods did not have higher fitness, suggesting that being large relative to the host, but not necessarily large in general, is important. These findings clarify some aspects of the life history strategy of S. solidus (e.g. why there is a flat ontogenetic reaction norm across copepod stages), but also raise questions (e.g. why growth costs have been hard to document). More generally, our results indicate that larval size can correlate with fitness in helminths, but that not all size variation is predictive of success in the next host

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Studies on cestode metabolism. V. The chemical composition of Diphyllobothrium sp. in the plerocercoid and adult stages

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Changes in the chemical composition ofHymenolepis diminuta(Cestoda:Cyclophyllidea) during prepatent development within the rat intestine

Changes in the chemical composition ofHymenolepis diminuta(Cestoda:Cyclophyllidea) during prepatent development within the rat intestine

Autonomy and integration in complex parasite life cycles

The relationship between larval size and fitness in the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus: bigger is better?

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