Studies on Competition in Rice I. Competition in Mixtures of Varieties

Jennings, Peter R.; Jesús, José de

doi:10.2307/2406656

Cited by 66 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…[12][13][14]). Allocation to plant height in competition over light may be similarly costly (reviewed by Schmitt [15]), and in fact, artificial selection to minimize height in agricultural crops clearly demonstrates a collective benefit of reduced selfishness [16,17]. Similar examples of naturally selected cooperation among plants remain to be discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Biernaskie

2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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A plant's best strategy for acquiring resources may often depend on the identity of neighbours. Here, I ask whether plants adjust their strategy to local relatedness: individuals may cooperate (reduce competitiveness) with kin but compete relatively intensely with non-kin. In a greenhouse experiment with Ipomoea hederacea, neighbouring siblings from the same inbred line were relatively uniform in height; groups of mixed lines, however, were increasingly variable as their mean height increased. The reproductive yield of mixed and sibling groups was similar overall, but when adjusted to a common mean height and height inequality, the yield of mixed groups was significantly less. Where this difference in yield was most pronounced (among groups that varied most in height), mixed groups tended to allocate more mass to roots than comparable sibling groups, and overall, mixed groups produced significantly fewer seeds per unit mass of roots. These results suggest that, from the group perspective, non-kin may have wasted resources in below-ground competition at the expense of reproduction; kin groups, on the other hand, displayed the relative efficiency that is expected of reduced competitiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Biernaskie

2010

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…For example, GreenRevolution yield improvements in wheat and rice were gained by breeding for shorter plants, an approach that invests less in stems and more in grain. This breeding strategy successfully increased yields but at a cost to individual competitiveness: higher-yielding Green-Revolution rice cultivars are easily outcompeted by earlier cultivars, because they are less competitive for light [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusive fitness in agriculture

Kiers

Denison

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Trade-offs between individual fitness and the collective performance of crop and below-ground symbiont communities are common in agriculture. Plant competitiveness for light and soil resources is key to individual fitness, but higher investments in stems and roots by a plant community to compete for those resources ultimately reduce crop yields. Similarly, rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi may increase their individual fitness by diverting resources to their own reproduction, even if they could have benefited collectively by providing their shared crop host with more nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. Past selection for inclusive fitness (benefits to others, weighted by their relatedness) is unlikely to have favoured community performance over individual fitness. The limited evidence for kin recognition in plants and microbes changes this conclusion only slightly. We therefore argue that there is still ample opportunity for human-imposed selection to improve cooperation among crop plants and their symbionts so that they use limited resources more efficiently. This evolutionarily informed approach will require a better understanding of how interactions among crops, and interactions with their symbionts, affected their inclusive fitness in the past and what that implies for current interactions.

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“…Increasing stand density reduces yield per plant, in part due to enhanced competition for resources between neighbors (7-9). Theory and empirical evidence show that high yield per unit area is associated with a less competitive plant (10)(11)(12)(13). In addition to competing for resources, neighbor plants generate sensory signals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Light-mediated self-organization of sunflower stands increases oil yield in the field

Pereira

Sadras

Batista

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Here, we show a unique crop response to intraspecific interference, whereby neighboring sunflower plants in a row avoid each other by growing toward a more favorable light environment and collectively increase production per unit land area. In high-density stands, a given plant inclined toward one side of the interrow space, and the immediate neighbors inclined in the opposite direction. This process started early as an incipient inclination of pioneer plants, and the arrangement propagated gradually as a “wave” of alternate inclination that persisted until maturity. Measurements and experimental manipulation of light spectral composition indicate that these responses are mediated by changes in the red/far-red ratio of the light, which is perceived by phytochrome. Cellular automata simulations reproduced the patterns of stem inclination in field experiments, supporting the proposition of self-organization of stand structure. Under high crop population densities (10 and 14 plants per m2), as yet unachievable in commercial farms with current hybrids due to lodging and diseases, self-organized crops yielded between 19 and 47% more oil than crops forced to remain erect.

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Studies on Competition in Rice I. Competition in Mixtures of Varieties

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants

Inclusive fitness in agriculture

Light-mediated self-organization of sunflower stands increases oil yield in the field

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