Studies on Copper Metabolism. Vii. Blood Copper in Pregnancy and Various Pathologic States 1

Lahey, M. Eugene; Gubler, C. J.; Cartwright, G. E.; Wintrobe, M. M.

doi:10.1172/jci102743

Cited by 121 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…in'spite of the continued presence of osteomyelitis. More recently (5) we observed hypocupremia in two of three children with the nephrotic syndrome. Munch-Petersen (6) has reported that the urinary excretion of copper is increased in patients with proteinuria and that the amount of copper excreted is greatest in those with the highest concentration of protein in the urine.…”

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confidence: 72%

“…Hypoferremia was noted in association with the nephrotic syndrome in one patient by Laurell (7) and was observed by us in two of three children with this condition (5). Laurell found an extremely low serum iron-binding capacity in his patient.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…To date, hypocupremia has been observed consistently in human subjects in only three situations; namely, the newborn (28), Wilson's disease (5,29,30), and the nephrotic syndrome. A dietary deficiency of copper has not, as yet, been clearly demonstrated in a human subject (31).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Studies on Copper Metabolism. XI. Copper and Iron Metabolism in the Nephrotic Syndrome 1

Cartwright¹,

Gubler²,

Wintrobe³

1954

J. Clin. Invest.

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124

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The metabolism of copper and iron in the nephrotic syndrome has received little attention. In view of the fact that copper in the plasma is bound almost exclusively to an a2-globulin (ceruloplasmin) with a molecular weight of approximately 151,000 (1, 2) while iron is bound to a #l,-globulin (transferrin) with a molecular weight of about 90,000 (3), it would seem not unlikely that these two metal-binding proteins might be excreted in large quantities in the urine of patients with pronounced proteinuria. If this loss were great and extended over a prolonged period, it is conceivable that depletion of the body stores of these two elements might occur or the capacity of the body to synthesize these two proteins might be exceeded, with the consequence that the plasma level of ceruloplasmin and transferrin would be reduced.In the course of investigations in this laboratory concerning the anemia associated with infection (4), a patient was studied who, while afflicted with chronic osteomyelitis, developed the nephrotic syndrome. In association with the severe hypoproteinemia and proteinuria, the plasma copper level decreased from 246 ug. per 100 ml., the high levels usually found with infection, to 40 JUg. per 100 ml. in'spite of the continued presence of osteomyelitis. More recently (5) we observed hypocupremia in two of three children with the nephrotic syndrome. Munch-Petersen (6) has reported that the urinary excretion of copper is increased in patients with proteinuria and that the amount of copper excreted is greatest in those with the highest concentration of protein in the urine. Although he did not record the plasma copper values he stated that there was no correlation between the plasma copper concentration and the amount of copper in the urine.

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confidence: 75%

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Studies on Copper Metabolism. XI. Copper and Iron Metabolism in the Nephrotic Syndrome 1

Cartwright¹,

Gubler²,

Wintrobe³

1954

J. Clin. Invest.

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124

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“…2 Public Health Research Fellow of the National Heart Institute. 8 If ceruloplasmin contains 8 atoms of copper per mole, the correct molecular weight for the observed copper concentration of 0.32 per cent would be 159,000. The exact molecular weight of ceruloplasmin is uncertain.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated repeatedly that the total plasma copper level is elevated in the last trimester of pregnancy (7,8) and in patients with infections (7)(8)(9). Holmberg and Laurell (4,10) demonstrated that in such patients most of the copper is associated with the globulin fraction and that there is a high degree of correlation between the copper content of the sera and the oxidase activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies on Copper Metabolism. Xiv. Copper, Cerulo-Plasmin and Oxidase Activity in Sera of Normal Human Subjects, Pregnant Women, and Patients With Infection, Hepatolenticular Degeneration and the Nephrotic Syndrome 1

Markowitz¹,

Gubler²,

Mahoney³

et al. 1955

J. Clin. Invest.

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211

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Recent Advances in Nutrition and Metabolism

Davidson¹

1954

AMA Arch Intern Med

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depending in some cases upon the method and in others upon the definition of lean body mass. For example, quite different results are obtained if the fat in the parenchymal cells is considered a part of lean body mass rather than included with fat depots. This and other problems remain to be worked out. NUTRITION, AGING, AND CHRONIC DISEASEThe separation of the process of senescence from the chronic diseases which so often occur in old age, such as diabetes, diseases of the heart and arteries, cancer, and the arthritides, is indeed difficult and has attracted some attention. § It is now common knowledge that many of these "degenerative diseases" are related to dis¬ turbances of nutrition, and, in fact, they may be prevented in some instances and treated in others by special nutritional means. To what extent senescence itself may be altered or its onset delayed by careful attention to nutrition is quite unknown, but the problem is being attacked.As one would expect, there is a definite increase in fat content of the body with age. This is particularly noticeable in women. The increase in fat is not simply additive but is associated with a decline in muscle mass. This was true of a group of middle-aged white-collar workers studied by Brozek.16 Two groups of these persons were selected. Those in the first group were accustomed to regular physical exercise, whereas the others had always led a more sedentary existence. They were matched for age and height. It was found that the active persons were heavier than those of the sedentary group, but the excess weight was due to an increase in lean body mass and not to fat. This suggests that the decline in lean body mass with advancing years is to some extent "disuse atrophy." Some hope is thus offered for the prevention of the loss of muscle tissue in the aged.A number of recent books concerned with aging have appeared. An excellent study of nearly 8,000 persons over 61 years of age has been published by Monroe,21 which emphasizes medical complications, including nutritional disturb¬ ances. Stieglitz, Portis, and King | | examined 133 persons between the ages of 60 and 83, with particular respect to nutrition and the gastrointestinal tract. Included in their studies were not only the usual history and physical examination but also hématologie studies, gastric analysis, dextrose-tolerance tests, electrocardiograms, basal metabolic rates, and roentgen examinations of the gastrointestinal tract. A discussion of the psychological aspects of aging and the treatment, including the diet therapy, psychotherapy, and general medical management is given. The diffi-\ s=s\ References 14 and 15. \ m=par \ References 22 and 23.

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Studies on Copper Metabolism. Vii. Blood Copper in Pregnancy and Various Pathologic States 1

Cited by 121 publications

References 24 publications

Studies on Copper Metabolism. XI. Copper and Iron Metabolism in the Nephrotic Syndrome 1

Studies on Copper Metabolism. XI. Copper and Iron Metabolism in the Nephrotic Syndrome 1

Studies on Copper Metabolism. Xiv. Copper, Cerulo-Plasmin and Oxidase Activity in Sera of Normal Human Subjects, Pregnant Women, and Patients With Infection, Hepatolenticular Degeneration and the Nephrotic Syndrome 1

Recent Advances in Nutrition and Metabolism

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