Studies on Cytokinin-Controlled Bud Formation in Moss Protonemata

Brandes, Hans; Kende, Hans

doi:10.1104/pp.43.5.827

Cited by 114 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Our results showed that BAP and KIN have a concentration-dependent effect on shoot bud induction in B. billarderi after six days of treatment, as was previously reported for the mosses Funaria hygrometrica [8,10,13] and P. patens [9]. BAP caused a higher response than KIN on bud induction, and the former favoured bud formation even at concentrations as small as 0.25 µM (Figure 1).…”

Section: The Effect Of Different Cytokinin Concentrations On the Indusupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The external application of cytokinins to mosses has been shown to favour the transition from filamentous protonemal tissue to gametophores by inducing shoot bud formation [8][9][10]. Further, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, it was reported that the energy growth status promotes protonemal cell differentiation; the high energy condition (addition of 150 mM glucose) favours the caulonema formation, whereas the low energy condition induces chloronema [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose inhibits the shoot bud formation in the moss Bryum billarderi

et al. 2012

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Plant development is controlled by certain factors such as nutrient availability, environmental cues and the presence of signalling molecules. It has been proposed that phytohormones interact with sugars to modulate important processes in vascular plants. Cytokinins are key hormones because they regulate a large number of metabolic events, and sugars act as regulatory signals at several points in the life cycle. Bryum bilarderi Schwägr is a moss that was isolated by our group in the central highlands of Mexico and has demonstrated the ability to tolerate abiotic stresses. To study the effect of cytokinins and their interaction with glucose in bud induction, different concentrations of cytokinins with glucose were tested. One micromolar N-6-benzylaminopurine provided the best results for bud induction, but when 100 mM glucose was added, bud formation was inhibited. This glucose concentration also favoured the spread of the protonemal colony. These data demonstrate that N-6-benzylaminopurine is more effective than kinetin in inducing buds, and that glucose plays an important role as an inhibitory signalling molecule for the bud induction process that is mediated by cytokinins in the moss B. billarderi.

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Section: The Effect Of Different Cytokinin Concentrations On the Indusupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose inhibits the shoot bud formation in the moss Bryum billarderi

et al. 2012

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“…By the 6th or 7th day, most primordia began extending through the surface. The four points between day 1 and day 4 (Fig. 3) fell on a straight line when plotted on arithmetic graph paper.…”

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confidence: 93%

Control and Kinetics of Branch Root Formation in Cultured Root Segments of Haplopappus ravenii

et al. 1972

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(8) with the zinc concentration reduced by a factor of 10, 3% w/v sucrose, 0.1 mg/l of NAA, 100 mg/I of myoinositol, 0.2 mg/l of glycine, 0.5 mg/l of nicotinamide, 0.5 mg/l of pyridoxine, 0.5 mg/l of thiamine, and 0.1 mg/l of p-aminobenzoic acid. Cultures were grown in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks with 50 ml of medium, or in 125-ml Erlenmeyer flasks with 20 ml, on a reciprocating shaker (108 strokes/min, stroke amplitude 2 cm) in dim (5 ft-c) light at 25 to 28 C. During the 3-week subculture period, branches formed on inoculated segments, and the branches extended 2 to 4 cm in length. These branches did not form secondary branches within the 3-week subculture period. Segments (1-cm long) cut from the branches in a 3-week-old culture were used as inocula, either for subculturing or, after rinsing with distilled water, in experiments. Three to five segments were used per flask.Assessment of Results. In most of the experiments reported here, the number of branches initiated in a given time interval was the response measured. Segments were generally harvested 1 Abbreviations: NAA: ca-naphthalene acetic acid; BA: benzyladenine.www.plantphysiol.org on May 11, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

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“…The cultures were maintained at 22. 5 1.00 and received continuous illumination of 200 ft-c from cool-white fluorescent lamps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acid Metabolism During Cytokinin Induced Cellular Differentiation

1969

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Abstract. Edstrom's microphoresis technique has been employed to determine the quantitative alterations in nucleic acid content and base composition of individual cells associated with the initiation of bud primordia in Funaria hygrometrica. The filamentous protonema of this moss initiates bud cells which through repeated divisions form the leafy gametophores. The cytokinin, 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin), was used to induce the differentiation of bud cells from protonematal cells. The total RNA content of kinetin-induced bud cells (22.0 Aug/cell) was nearly 15 times that of protonematal cells (1.6 ,pug/cell). The same dramatic increase in total RNA was apparent in bud ceils which developed spontaneously in older cultures. As would be predicted, the adenine (A) to guanine (G) ratio for DNA from bud and protonematal cells was identical (0.7). The A:G ratio for RNA from bud cells (1.0) was much lower than,that from protonematal cells (1.7). Thus, kinetin-induced differentiation in this system involves a dramatic increase in total RNA, the base composition of whioh approaches that of DNA. The base composition (A:G ratio) of DNA remains constant.Changes in nucleic acid metabolism are particularly relevant to an understanding of cellular differentiation. In multicellular organisms the problem of measuring nucleic acids has been approached either with direct photometric measurements on histological sections, or by microdissection of individual cells and organelles followed by microextraction and microelectrophoresis (microphoresis) of nucleic acids by special methods developed by Edstrom (7,8,9). These latter methods permit the nucleic acid content and composition of individual cells and cellular units to be measured quantitatively. We have used these methods to determine changes in nucleic acid metabo- divide to form bud primordia. These bud cells continue to divide and differentiate into the leafy gametophore or moss plant. The cell division which gives rise to the bud cell is thus of great consequence, for from a non-meristematic protonematal cell there arises a cell which remains meristematic. The question is how do the nucleic acid contents and composition differ in the bud cell and in the protonematal cell from which it originated? Bud cells develop spontaneously in older cultures but can be induced to form in younger cultures by an exogenous supply of cytokinins. Is the cytokinin treatment reflected in the nucleic acid metabolism of protonematal and bud cells? Materials and MethodsSpores of Funaria hygrometrica were grown aseptically on Kofler medium minus NH4NO3 as recommended by Szweykowska (17). Micronutrients were supplied by Heller's solution (14). The medium plus 1 % agar was contained in plastic Petri dishes. Spore capsules were surface sterilized by using 95 % ethanol for 1 min followed by a wash in a 0.2 %O HgCl2 solution for 5 min and then a sterile water wash. The capsules were transferred to a

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Studies on Cytokinin-Controlled Bud Formation in Moss Protonemata

Cited by 114 publications

References 13 publications

Glucose inhibits the shoot bud formation in the moss Bryum billarderi

Glucose inhibits the shoot bud formation in the moss Bryum billarderi

Control and Kinetics of Branch Root Formation in Cultured Root Segments of Haplopappus ravenii

Nucleic Acid Metabolism During Cytokinin Induced Cellular Differentiation

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