Studies on Effect of Stress Preconditioning in Restrain Stress-induced Behavioral Alterations

Abstract

Stress preconditioning has been documented to confer on gastroprotective eŠects on stress-induced gastric ulcerations. However, the eŠects of prior exposure of stress preconditioning episodes on stress-induced behavioral changes have not been explored yet. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative eŠects of stress preconditioning in immobilization stress-induced behavioral alterations in rats. The rats were subjected to restrain stress by placing in restrainer (5.5 cm in diameter and 18 cm in length) for 3.5 h. Stress preconditioning was induced by subjecting the rats to two cycles of restraint and restrain-free periods of 15 min each. Furthermore, a similar type of stress preconditioning was induced using diŠerent time cycles of 30 and 45 min. The extent and severity of the stress-induced behavioral alterations were assessed using diŠerent behavioral tests such as hole-board test, social interaction test, open eld test, and actophotometer. Restrain stress resulted in decrease in locomotor activity, frequency of head dips and rearing in hole board, line crossing and rearing in openˆeld, and decreased following and increased avoidance in social interaction test. Stress preconditioning with two cycles of 15, 30 or 45 min respectively, did not attenuate stress-induced behavioral changes to any extent. It may be concluded that stress preconditioning does not seem to confer any protective eŠect in modulating restrain stress-induced behavioral alterations.

Sleep pattern and locomotor activity are impaired by doxorubicin in non-tumor-bearing rats

“…These alterations can play an important role in the onset and maintenance of wasting found in the DOXO treatment. A study performed by Kaur et al [29] showed that rats subjected to restraint stress demonstrated a reduction of locomotor and exploratory activity. Liu et al [30] showed similar results in the chronic, unpredicted mild stress in rats.…”

Translating rodent behavioral repertoire to zebrafish (Danio rerio): Relevance for stress research

“…Impact of acute stress has been previously shown to affect behavioral patterns in rodents, in a nonconventional manner as well. For instance, although most studies in rodent report decrease exploration/activity in the open field test in response to restraint stress [50][51][52][53], another study has reported the opposite effect [52] suggesting that in certain contexts (especially very shortly following restraint stress) acute stress can temporarily increase exploration in the open field test. Furthermore, acute stress paradigms including restraint stress can cause reduction in anxietylike behaviors such as risk assessment behaviors (head poking and stretch attempts) and at the same time cause increases in the frequency of direct entries in the inner/anxiogenic zone of a novel environment such as the open field [54].…”

Antioxidant-Induced Stress

“…This phenomenon is known as preconditioning [26]. Hyperbaric oxygen [26], short ischemia [27–29], small doses of lipopolysaccharides [30], restraint stress [31], hypoxia [32], hyperthermia [32] and moderate aerobic exercise [33,34] are some of the stimuli producing preconditioning. We chose the example of exercise to explain the role of reactive species on preconditioning (see Figure 3).…”