Studies on electrochemical sodium storage into hard carbons with binder-free monolithic electrodes

Porous NaTi2(PO4)3 Nanocubes Anchored on Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…However, the initial charge capacity was 227 mAh g −1 with an unsatisfied Coulombic efficiency of 46.8%. Such a large capacity loss is mostly ascribed to the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers for the existence of carbon substrates, as well as the decomposition of electrolyte (Hasegawa et al, 2016; Wang D. et al, 2016). On the contrary, the first discharge capacity of the NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 electrode was only 229 mAh g −1 (Figure S1, Supporting Information).…”

MgO-templated carbon as a negative electrode material for Na-ion capacitors

“…3 shows CVs for CN-3, CN-3-1000, CN-3-1200, and CN-3-1500. With increasing annealing temperature, the reduction/oxidation peaks at around 0.1 V vs. Na þ /Na clearly became sharper and more reversible, which is attributed to Na insertion/deinsertion into the nanovoids in addition to in the carbon layers [5,6,8,18]. In addition, Table 1 BET surface area, total pore volume, and parameters calculated by the BJH method for as-received MgO-templated carbon and carbon obtained by annealing CN-3 at 1000, 1200, and 1500°C.…”

“…However, only one type of pore structure was examined using magnesium-citrate-derived carbon as electrode materials. Although some researchers have examined Na-ion batteries and capacitors using hard carbon or mesoporous carbon prepared by different methods [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], no studies have reported the relationship between carbon pore structure and performance, including irreversible capacity, of Na-ion storage systems.…”

Mille-feuille shaped hard carbons derived from polyvinylpyrrolidone via environmentally friendly electrostatic spinning for sodium ion battery anodes

“…45,46 The micropore volume decreases with the increasing temperature from 800 to 1200 C (Table 2), because the growth of graphene domains leads to the closure of micropores in the sample. 37,47 These nanopores surrounded by randomly stacked graphene sheets are supposed to contribute to a main Na + storage at around 0 V, 24,28,48 which cannot be detected by CO 2 adsorption analysis, as shown in Fig. 4c.…”