Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Staphylococcus aureus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Isolated from Various Sources

Mohammed, Enas Yasser; Abdel-Rhman, Shaymaa H.; Barwa, Rasha; El-Sokkary, Mohammed Adel

doi:10.4236/aim.2016.64026

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…When assessing the susceptibility of S. aureus to different antimicrobial agents, our results revealed that MRSA was responsible for most S. aureus bacteremia (92.3%), and also, cefoxitin resistance among CoNS was highly noticed with a percentage of 93.3%. Our results were in agreement with the results of several studies conducted in Egypt reporting the high frequency of MRSA among S. aureus isolates with percentages of 40% and 88%, respectively [ 39 , 40 ]. As for the susceptibility of the isolates to vancomycin, 92.3% of the S. aureus isolates were susceptible, and 93.3% of the CoNS were also susceptible to vancomycin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt

Elsherif

Helal

El-Ansary

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Purpose. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication in patients with bacteremia of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection. Our aim was to determine the association of the major Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs), including Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), among hospitalized patients diagnosed with bacteremia and those with IE. Methods. This study was conducted on 88 patients; of these, 84 (95.5%) had two positive blood cultures. Eighteen out of the 84 patients (21.4%) were diagnosed based on the modified Duke criteria by a cardiologist to have IE. The recovered isolates were screened phenotypically using ELISA followed by molecular analysis of sea, seb, sec, sed, see, and tsst-1, the major SAg coding genes, and the obtained findings were statistically analyzed. Results. Phenotypic screening for SE production of 26 selected Staphylococci (15 isolated from the IE patients (10 S. aureus and 5 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)) and 11 from bacteremic patients (10 S. aureus and 1 CoNS)) using ELISA revealed that 12/26 (46%) isolates were SE producers. PCR analysis showed that 19 (73%) isolates were PCR positive for SAg genes with the highest prevalence of the sea gene (79%), followed by seb (63%) and tsst-1 (21%). The least frequent gene was sed (5.3%). Statistical correlations between bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs showed no significant difference ( P value = 0.139, effect size = 0.572 ) indicating no specific association between any of the detected SAgs and IE. Conclusion. There is high prevalence of SEs among clinical isolates of Staphylococci recovered from patients suffering bacteremia and those with IE. No significant difference was found among Staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with bacteremia or IE regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the tested SAgs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt

Elsherif

Helal

El-Ansary

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…When assessing the susceptibility of S. aureus to different antimicrobial agents, our results revealed that MRSA was responsible for most S. aureus bacteremia (92.3%) and also cefoxitin resistance among CoNS was highly noticed with percentage 93.3%. Our results were in agreement with the results of several studies conducted in Egypt reporting the high frequency of MRSA among S. aureus isolates with percentages 40% and 88%, respectively [37, 38]. As for the susceptibility of the isolates to vancomycin, 92.3% of the S. aureus isolates were sensitive and 93.3% of the CoNS were also sensitive to vancomycin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Accordingly, S. aureus was the most commonly isolated pathogen (52.6%), followed by CoNS (26.3%). Same finding were reported in a study conducted by Fatima et al, where S. aureus was found to be the predominant organism causing IE (38%) [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Prevalence of Staphylococcal Superantigens and their association among bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis patients in Egypt

Elsherif

Helal

El-Ansary

et al. 2020

Preprint

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31Aim: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection 32 in humans particularly those with bacteremia. Although Staphylococcus species are commensal 33 on or in different parts of the human body, it is also known to be a serious pathogen causing 34 bacteremia and sepsis that could lead to IE. Therefore, our aim was to assess the prevalence as 35 well as phenotypic and genotypic association of the Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) among 36 bacteremic and IE patients.37 Methods: This study was conducted on Staphylococcus isolates recovered from bacteremic and 38 IE patients. The isolates were screened phenotypically for the detection of SAgs including 39Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Molecular 40 detection and analysis of sea, seb, sec, sed, see and tsst-1, the major SAgs coding genes were 41 performed using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The obtained findings were 42 statistically analyzed using standard methods. 43Results: Detection of SAgs using ELISA revealed that 12 (46%) isolates were positive for 44 enterotoxin production. However, the PCR revealed that 19 (73%) isolates were positive for 45 enterotoxin genes with the highest prevalence of the sea gene (79%), followed by the seb (63%), 46 tsst-1 (21%). The least frequent gene was the sed (5.3%). Accordingly, phenotypic and genotypic 47 screening for prevalence of SAgs among Staphylococcal isolates showed significant difference 48 (P value =0.046703), however, no significant correlation could be observed among the coagulase 49 negative Staphylococci (CoNS) isolates (P value =0.248213). Statistical correlations between 50 bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs, showed no significant difference 51 (P-value = 0.139, Effect size = 0.572) indicating no specific association between any of the 52 detected SAgs and IE. 3 53 Conclusion: no significant difference has been found between Staphylococcal IE and bacteremia 54 isolates regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the most commonly SAgs. 55 Therefore, all Staphylococcal bacteremic patients are suspected for IE. Also, future work should 56 be conducted for analysis of SAgs gene expression. 57 58 59 Introduction 60 S. aureus is a dangerous and versatile human pathogen because of its ability to cause various 61 types of infections, including skin and soft tissue sepsis, pneumonia, bloodstream infections 62 (BSIs), osteomyelitis and infective endocarditis (IE) [1]. Higher mortality rate (15-25%) was 63 recently reported from serious S. aureus infections, particularly bacteremia and endocarditis 64 [2,3]. IE is a major devastating complications of Staphylococcal bacteremia [3,4]. In 2018, 65 Asgeirsson et al. reported that S. aureus is the foremost cause of IE where it comprises about 15-66 40% of all IE cases worldwide [3]. 67 IE is caused principally with bacteria or fungi where serious clinically relevant complications 68 including, damaging of one or more of the ...

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“…Moreover, sec gene was significantly associated with MRSA isolates. An interesting correlation was also found between high sea gene expression and multidrug-resistance (22). By comparing our results with this data, we can conclude that there is an unclear understanding of the relationship between genes corresponding to the enterotoxin production and genes related to methicillin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The occurrence of MRSA in retail foods in Shaanxi, China indicated that the pathogens could be from both animal and human origin despite the low prevalence (22). The presence of multidrugresistant and enterotoxigenic MRSA strains in foods poses a potential threat to consumers and emphasize the need for better control of potential sources of contamination (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Case of Foodborne Outbreak in Bulgaria

Ivanova¹,

Krumova-Valcheva²,

Mateva³

et al. 2020

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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This paper presents an outbreak provoked by methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-positive S. aureus (CPS), produced staphylococcal enterotoxins (se) in pig meatballs and potato salad consumed from 70 people in the village Mamarchevo, Bulgaria. Eighteen women aged 50 to 70 years, and two children aged 4 and 5 years have demonstrated a severe malaise with vomiting and indigestion. Two food samples and isolates of CPS were received in the laboratory of Bulgarian Food Safety Agency. Both samples were found to have a high level of CPS. The level of S. aureus contamination in the potato salad was 8.3 logs CFU/g and 7.7 logs CFU/g in roasted meatballs, which was a significant reason to doubt the production of the toxin. The samples were analyzed according to the European Screening Method v5 using mini VIDAS SET2. The results showed a presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (TV 2.67 for meatballs and TV 3.27 for potato salad), which was the reason for the ensuing food intoxication. EURL CPS applying quantitative indirect sandwich-type ELISA confirmed the presence of sea, sec and sed in the potato salad and sea and sed in the roasted meatballs. Two CPS isolates were confirmed as S. aureus by a species-specific 23S rRNA targeted PCR test. Real-time PCR method detected sea, sed, seg, sei, sej, and ser genes in S. aureus strains, found in both matrixes. Multiplex PCR method proved the existence of the mecA gene in both S. aureus strains. Resistance to cefoxitin (>16 mg/L), penicillin (>2 mg/L), kanamycin (64 mg/L) and sulfamethoxazole (>512 mg/L) was found.

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Studies on Enterotoxins and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Isolated from Various Sources

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt

Prevalence of Staphylococcal Superantigens and their association among bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis patients in Egypt

Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Case of Foodborne Outbreak in Bulgaria

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