Studies on Feeding and Digestion in Protozoa. VII. Ingestion of Polystyrene Latex Particles and its Early Effect on Acid Phosphatase in <i>Paramecium multimicronucleatum and Tetrahymena pyriformis</i>

Mueller, Mark N.; Röhlich, P.; Törö, I

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1965.tb01807.x

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The duration of these digestive phases may appear short, but data suggest that for Tetraymena pyrifomis at least, newly formed food vacuoles are immediately presented with biochemical machinery for the digestion of prey. This agrees with the work of Mueller et al (1965) who also found evidence for immediate digestion in T. pyriformis vacuoles, together with Paramecium multilicronucleatum, and with Peck &Hausmann (1980) andHausmann (2002) working with Pseudomicrothorax dubious. The intensity of the presented digestive machinery, as measured by the digestion rate of Mesorhizobium sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Digestion of bacteria by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Thurman¹,

Drinkall²,

Parry³

2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The digestion of heat-killed/stained Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mesorhizobium sp. and Staphylococcus aureus was monitored within one food vacuole passage time in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis using the pulse chase technique. Prey digestion proceeded in 2 phases: a digestive phase which lasted ~25 min and a defecation competent phase that showed limited digestive activity and was variable in length. The number of prey cells per food vacuole was found to influence the effectiveness of prey digestion. Complete digestion of the vacuole content was more likely to occur when the number of prey per vacuole averaged ~6 or less. At higher levels, only partial digestion of the vacuole content was recorded and some undigested prey were egested from the ciliate cell. A strain of Synechococcus sp. was never digested by this ciliate. Results suggest that bacteria do not necessarily require elaborate mechanisms to evade digestion by protozoa, as possessed by some pathogenic bacteria, but that inefficiency in the protozoan digestive system is all that is required to allow the release of undigested, apparently unharmed prey from their cells. Thus, models on carbon cycling which employ data on protistan ingestion rates alone should consider accounting for digestion efficiency and the subsequent effect of prey concentration, because prey carbon might not always be transferred efficiently to higher trophic levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Digestion of bacteria by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Thurman¹,

Drinkall²,

Parry³

2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…Whether the differences in the various values of grazing rates reported in the literature are due to the inclusion of populations associated with the surfaces of particles and flasks in addition to the free cells or is due to the indigestibility of artificial particles remains to be investigated. It is not known if flagellates can use sensory transduction to discriminate between natural prey and non-nutritive particles, although Mueller et al (1965), Dubonsky (1974), andFenchel (1980) have reported no indication for this. However, Sibbald & Albright (1986) have recently reported a positive chemosensory response of Pseudobodo sp.…”

Section: Ingestion Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unambiguous detection and improved quantification of phagotrophy in apochlorotic nanoflagellates using fluorescent microspheres and concomitant phase contrast and epifluorescence microscopy

Cynar¹,

Sieburth²

1986

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Recent procedures for quanhfying the ingestion of non-nutritive bacterial sized particles by bacterivores lack the necessary resolution for the accurate determination of ingestion rates. Here, we descnbe how the filter-transfer-freeze procedure of Hewes & Holm-Hansen (1983) permits concomitant epifluorescence and phase contrast microscopy which lets us unambiguously discriminate between lngested and non-ingested fluorescent microspheres (FM) in 4 specles of apochlorotic nanoflagellates. This rapid procedure reduces the subjectivity of grazing rate determlnations while improving precision. We have used this procedure to observe non-continuous feeding, egestion processes and the effect of growth inhibition on phagotrophy.

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“…Hence, clearance rates on other viruses might provide estimates much higher (up to 100 %) than those reported. Furthermore, several authors (Muller et al 1965, Stolze et al 1969, Wetzel & Korn 1969, Dubowsky 1974 have shown that the digestive system in a variety of protozoa is activated upon the formation of particle-containing vacuoles. The results we obtained using viruses that were labelled with an FITC-conjugated antibody also suggest that digestion of food particles is rapidly initiated.…”

Section: Ingestion and Digestion Rates Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing by marine nanofiagellates on viruses and virus-sized particles: ingestion and digestion

Gonzalez¹,

Suttle²

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

271

217

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We examined grazing of marine viruses and bacteria by natural assemblages and cultures of phagotrophic nanoflagellates. Ingestion rates were determined using fluorescently labelled viruses (FLVs) and bacteria (FLB), and 50 or 500 nm diameter fluorescent microspheres (FMs). Calculated clearance rates of viruses by natural nanoflagellate assemblages were about 4 % of those for bacter~a when the bacteria and viruses were present at natural concentrations. Different viruses were ingested at different rates w~t h the smallest virus being ingested at the slowest rate. Further, we found differences in digestion times for the same flagellates grazing on different vlruses and for different flagellate assemblages grazing on the same viruses. FMs of 50 nm diameter were used as a control for egestion of undlgested particles. As rates of digestion were greater than those for ingestion both processes would occur simultaneously; hence, our estimates of grazing rate are likely conservative. Ingestion rates were positively correlated with the concentration of 50 nm FMs. Discriminat~on agalnst 50 nm FMs in favor of FLVs was also observed. Our calculations suggest that vlruses may be of nutritional significance for phagotrophic flagellates. When there are lob bacteria ml-l and 10' to 10' vvlruses ml-l, viruses may represent 0.2 to 9 % of the carbon, 0.3 to 14 ' % of the nitrogen and 0.6 to 28 "/a of the phosphorus that the flagellates obtain from ingestion of bacteria. This study demonstrates that both natural assemblages and cultures of phagotrophic nanoflagellates consume and digest a variety of marine vlruses, thereby deriving nutritional benefit and serving as a natural sink for marine viral particles. In addition, these results imply that some nanoflagellates are likely capable of consuming a wide spectrum of organlc particles in the colloidal size range.

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Studies on Feeding and Digestion in Protozoa. VII. Ingestion of Polystyrene Latex Particles and its Early Effect on Acid Phosphatase in Paramecium multimicronucleatum and Tetrahymena pyriformis

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

Digestion of bacteria by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Digestion of bacteria by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Unambiguous detection and improved quantification of phagotrophy in apochlorotic nanoflagellates using fluorescent microspheres and concomitant phase contrast and epifluorescence microscopy

Grazing by marine nanofiagellates on viruses and virus-sized particles: ingestion and digestion

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