Studies on Gastrointestinal Nematodosis and Associated Risk Factors in Dairy Animals of Arid Western Plains of Rajasthan

Abstract

A total of 617 faecal samples (including 235, 188 and 194 samples from native cows, crossbred cows and buffaloes, respectively) were examined from January 2017 to December 2017, with an overall prevalence rate of 56.73% (native: 60.85%, crossbred: 57.45% and buffaloes: 51.03%) for gastrointestinal nematode infections and mixed infection in 11.35% with no statistical difference (p>0.05). Throughout the whole study period strongyles were found to be the most dominant (47.49%) followed by Strongyloides sp. (16.86%). A highly significant statistical variation (p<0.05) were reported in season wise as well as district wise analysis with maximum infection in rainy season (64.90%) and in Jodhpur district (62.54%), respectively. Quantitative analysis revealed EPG (eggs per gram of faeces) for stongyles ranging from 100-2500 (1291±237.56) and Strongyloides sp. from 100-800 (416.67±75.71). Multivariate binary logistic regression model revealed positive association of rainy (B=0.407) and negative association of summer season (B=-.221) when compared to winter season whereas, association was reported negative in Barmer district (B=0.517) when compared to Jodhpur district. Similarly, comparing to native animals, a negative association in crossbred (B=-0.197) and buffaloes (B=-0.462)was also reported in the study period. Coproculture analysis revealed the presence of nematodes of genera Haemonchus sp. (40.58%), Oesophagostomum sp. (26.09%), Strongyloides sp. (18.84%), Trichostrongylus sp. (8.695%) and Cooperia sp. (5.797%) in decreasing order of prevalence. Considering the impact of the infections on animal production and public health, the current investigation may be used to design rational, economic, selectively effective strategic and locally sustainable control programs against gastrointestinal nematode infections in the dairy animals of arid western plains of Rajasthan.

Prevalence and Risk Factor Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Cattle of Flood Prone Eastern Plains of Rajasthan

“…In Ovoid or ellipsoidal Colourless or pale yellow, with an inconspicuous micropyle primary contributor to the coccidia population, followed in decreasing order of prevalence by E. zuernii (15.00%), E. subspherica (14.00%), E. auburnensis (10.00%), E. ellipsoidalis (7.00%), E. cylindrica (6.00%), E. pellita (5.00%), E. alabamensis (4.00%), E. bukidnonensis (4.00%), and E. canadensis (3.00%) (Table 7). Similar findings were reported by Choudhary et al (2018b), Panwar et al (2019), Monika et al (2020), from the Rajasthan state; Das et al (2015) and Gupta et al (2016) from India.…”

“…predominated during the rainy season. The findings ofMonika et al (2017),Renwal et al (2017),Choudhary et al (2018a),Panwar et al (2018), andSodha et al (2021) in the bovine population from the Rajasthan state are in close agreement with the finding that Haemonchus sp. is the most prevalent parasite of cattle among the various gastrointestinal nematodes recovered in the current study.…”

“…Incidences of parasitic infections in cattle have been reported around the globe viz. Pakistan (Ali et al, 2023), Ethopia (Terfa et al, 2023;Tiele et al, 2023), Nepal (Thapa et al, 2022), Columbia (Pinilla Leon et al, 2019), Srilanka (Gunathilaka et al, 2018) as well as from different parts of India such as, Sikkim (Rahman et al, 2012), Kashmir valley (Bushra et al, 2013), Meghalaya (Laha et al, 2013), Assam , Bihar (Deo et al, 2019), Madhya Pradesh , Gujarat (Maharana et al, 2016;Thakre et al, 2019), Haryana (Bhanot et al, 2023) and Rajasthan (Monika et al, 2017;Renwal et al, 2017;Choudhary et al, 2018a;Panwar et al, 2018 andSodha et al, 2021). Despite being the largest state in terms of area, Rajasthan never has enough pastures because of predominant dry conditions.…”