Studies on Grass Disease

Obel, Anna‐Lisa

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(55)80034-3

Cited by 80 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Before 1955 there was no absolute way of confirming the diagnosis although the macroscopic changes observed postmortem were often very suggestive. Since then, histological changes in the autonomic ganglia (Obel 1955), and more recently in biopsies of the ileum (Scholes and others 1993) have been used to confirm the diagnosis. The main problem with an ileal biopsy is that it can only be obtained under general anaesthesia which itself reduces the animal's chance of recovery.…”

Section: Papers and Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term prospects for horses with grass sickness (dysautonomia)

Doxey

Milne²,

Ellison

et al. 1998

Veterinary Record

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Responses to questionnaires were received from 31 owners of horses or ponies treated for chronic grass sickness (dysautonomia). Contrary to previous opinions the respondents indicated that the majority of the animals were capable of strenuous work, had regained the weight they had lost and, apart from a few residual problems such as difficulty in coping with dry fibrous food, had returned to a normal life. They had recovered slowly and had involved the owners in considerable extra work, but all the owners indicated that they considered the effort to have been worthwhile.

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Section: Papers and Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term prospects for horses with grass sickness (dysautonomia)

Doxey

Milne²,

Ellison

et al. 1998

Veterinary Record

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“…The cause is unknown, although current theories include toxicoinfection with Clostridium botulinum type C or a pasture‐derived mycotoxicosis . Pathological changes include neuronal degeneration in the autonomic ganglia, enteric nervous system, brainstem, and spinal cord nuclei . Although acute and subacute ED are fatal, over 50% of chronic cases can survive with supportive management .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,4 Pathological changes include neuronal degeneration in the autonomic ganglia, enteric nervous system, brainstem, and spinal cord nuclei. [5][6][7] Although acute and subacute ED are fatal, over 50% of chronic cases can survive with supportive management. 8 Clinical signs of acute and subacute ED include gastrointestinal stasis, dysphagia, and nasogastric reflux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of residual lesions in horses that recovered from clinical signs of chronic equine dysautonomia

Milne

Pirie

Hahn

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Equine dysautonomia (ED) causes degeneration and loss of autonomic neurons. Approximately 50% of chronic cases recover, but it is unclear how they survive neuronal loss. Objectives To assess lesions, autonomic neuron numbers, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and neurodegeneration in recovered cases. Animals Thirteen cases (group ED), euthanized 10.3 ± 5.2 (1–16) years from diagnosis and 6 age‐matched controls (group C). Methods Prospective, case control; routine post mortem examination, neuron counts in peripheral and enteric ganglia and immunohistochemical assessment of neural networks (Protein gene product [PGP] 9.5), ICC (c‐kit), and neurodegeneration (beta‐amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin) in intestine. Results Postmortem findings in group ED were small intestinal dilation (4/12, 33%) and muscular hypertrophy (4/12, 33%), and gastric mucosal hypertrophy (3/11, 27%) and ulceration (4/11, 36%). Neuron density was lower in group ED (mean 39% lower for cranial cervical ganglion [P < .001], median 44% lower in celiacomesenteric ganglion [P = .01]). In intestine, neuronal depletion was worst in ileum (median 100% lower in submucosal plexus [P < .001], 91% lower in myenteric plexus [P = .004]). Group ED had less PGP 9.5 staining in ileal myenteric plexus (mean 66% lower [P = .04]) and circular muscle (median 75% lower [P = .006]). In ileum, there was less c‐kit staining in myenteric plexus (median 57% lower [P = .02]) but not muscularis externa. Beta‐amyloid precursor protein and ubiquitin results were not indicitive of neurodegeneration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Intact ICC in muscularis externa might help maintain motility after neuronal loss. Treatment supporting ICC function warrants investigation.

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Structural organization and neuropeptide distributions in the equine enteric nervous system: an immunohistochemical study using whole-mount preparations from the small intestine

Pearson

1994

Cell Tissue Res

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The architecture and neurochemistry of the enteric nervous system was studied by use of whole-mount preparations obtained by microdissection of the horse jejunum. A myenteric plexus and two plexuses within the submucosa were identified. The external submucosal plexus lying in the outermost region of the submucosa had both neural and vascular connections with the inner submucosal plexus situated closer to the mucosa. Counts of neurones stained for NADH-diaphorase demonstrated the wide variation in size, shape and neurone content of individual ganglia in both the external and internal submucosal plexuses. The average number of cells/ganglion was similar in each plexus (about 25 cells). Immunoreactivities for galanin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y were observed in nerve cell bodies and fibres of each of the plexuses. Immunoreactivity for substance P was extensive and strong in nerve fibres of all plexuses but was weaker in cell bodies of the submucosal neurones and absent in the cell bodies of the myenteric plexus. Comparative quantitative analysis of immunoreactive cell populations with total cell numbers (enzyme staining) was indicative of neuropeptide colocalization in the external submucosal plexus.

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Studies on Grass Disease

Cited by 80 publications

References 5 publications

Long‐term prospects for horses with grass sickness (dysautonomia)

Long‐term prospects for horses with grass sickness (dysautonomia)

A study of residual lesions in horses that recovered from clinical signs of chronic equine dysautonomia

Structural organization and neuropeptide distributions in the equine enteric nervous system: an immunohistochemical study using whole-mount preparations from the small intestine

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