Studies OnAgonoscelisFrom Southern India (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Agonoscelis puberula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Cuba – the oldest record of an alien species in the New World

“…In 1988, Cuban troops (increased to about 55,000) intervened again to support the Soviet-led People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) in the struggle with South African intervention and UNITA (The so-called South African Border War). Cuban military engagement in Angola started to decrease after a tripartite peace settlement was signed the military support, Cuba also provided massive humanitarian help (especially after 1980) involving tens of thousands of volunteers working in Angola, including technical, medical and educational staff, reconstructing damaged infrastructure, reviving coffee and sugar cane production, as well as creating foundations for Angola's social, health and education services war in 1977-1978(Anonymus 2017c. Long time massive exchange of people and goods during these interventions probably offered the possibility for to be transported into Cuba.…”

“…Most of the species are distributed in Africa and Madagascar [ Distant, 1879, Horváth, 1904, (Westwood, 1837, Schumacher, 1913, Bergroth, 1908, Harold, 1879, Schouteden, 1912, Distant, 1910, Distant, 1910, Linnavuori, 1982, Stål, 1854, Harold, 1879, Schouteden, 1916, (Thunberg, 1783, (Turton, 1802), Linnavuori, 1975, Horváth, 1904, Horváth, 1904; two others ( Linnavuori, 1975, ) occur in antennata Distant, 1911, Distant, 1918, Walker, 1868, Ahmad, Siddiqui & Kamaluddin, 2001, (Fabricius, 1775, Mathew, 1977]; and only a single species, (Fabricius, 1775), is distributed in Indonesia, New Guinea and Australia (Ahmad et al 2001;Cassis & Gross 2002;Rider 2006Rider , 2017Robertson 2009). Partial revisions and/or keys to species may be found in the following papers: Stål (1876), Harold (1879), Horváth (1904), Jensen-Haarup (1920, Mathew (1977) India, Linnavuori (1982) (West and Central Africa) and Ahmad et al (2001) (Indo-Pakistan subregion). Only recently one of the Afrotropical species, or African cluster bug, has been discovered in Mexico, the southern USA, and the West Indies, with the oldest record species from Cuba, being moreover the oldest known record from the...…”