Studies on immunity to measles

Krugman, Saul; Giles, Joan P.; Friedman, Harriet; Stone, Shirley M.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(65)80112-3

Cited by 180 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The evidence for this is based on infants born predominantly to unvaccinated mothers [2,4,29] and higher seroconversion rates can be achieved in infants of vaccinated mothers at or below 12 months [9,14]. In addition, with the increasing use of two dose measles vaccine policies [29], the risk of primary vaccine failure after one dose of vaccine may be less important to the overall control of measles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of specific antibody, passively acquired from the mother contributes to seroconversion failures following measles vaccination in children under the age of 12 months [1][2][3][4]. This mechanism may also account for the lower efficacy observed when measles vaccine is administered between 12 and 15 months than after the age of 15 months [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of maternally derived measles antibody in infants born to naturally infected and vaccinated women

Brugha¹,

Ramsay²,

Forsey

et al. 1996

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYMaternal, cord and infant measles antibody levels were measured and compared in a group of 411 vaccinated mothers and 240 unvaccinated mothers, and their babies, between 1983 and 1991. Maternal and cord sera were tested by haemagglutination inhibition and/or enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, and plaque reduction neutralization tests were also used to test infant sera. Geometric mean titres were significantly higher in the unvaccinated than in the vaccinated mothers (P < 0-001). Infants born to mothers with a history of measles had higher antibody levels at birth than infants of vaccinated mothers and, although the difference narrowed over time, continued to have higher levels up to 30 weeks of age. Between 5 and 7 months of age significantly more of the children of vaccinated mothers had plaque reduction neutralization antibody levels below that which would interfere with vaccination. As the boosting effect of circulating natural measles disappears, earlier measles vaccination may need to be considered, perhaps as part of a two-dose policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of maternally derived measles antibody in infants born to naturally infected and vaccinated women

Brugha¹,

Ramsay²,

Forsey

et al. 1996

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Rises in the titre of pre-existing antibody have, however, been observed in symptomless patients in contact with cases of measles and rubella and in subjects challenged with attenuated strains of these viruses (Krugman et al 1965;Schluederberg & Karelitz, 1965;Horstmann et al 1970;Bou6, Nicolas & Montagnon, 1971;MacDonald et al 1978). Studies of some of these subelinical reinfections have shown that the antibody consists of IgG, but not IgM, and have supported the generally held view, based on studies with diverse antigens in a variety of species, that IgM antibody is more characteristic of primary than of secondary immunization (Pike, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific immunoglobulin responses after varicella and herpes zoster

Cradock-Watson

Ridehalgh

Bourne

1979

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescence technique has been used to titrate the specific immunoglobulins in 200 sera from 64 patients with varicella, and 195 sera from 67 patients with herpes zoster. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in all patients with varicella, and IgA in 59 (92 %). All three classes of antibody appeared 2-5 days after the onset of the rash, increased virtually simultaneously and reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks. IgG then declined slowly, but never became undetectable and was still present in five subjects who were retested after 2-4 years; it was present in 88 out of 100 healthy young adults and probably persists indefinitely after varicella. IgA and IgM antibodies declined more rapidly and were not detected in specimens taken more than a year after the illness. IgA, however, may possibly persist in some cases since low titres were found in 8 out of 88 young adults who possessed IgG antibody and had presumably had varicella in the past. IgA responses were significantly weaker in children under the age of 6 years than in older children and adults.Six out of 67 patients with zoster were tested at various times before the onset of the rash: IgG antibody was detected in all. IgG was present in all sera taken after the onset of the rash, increased rapidly after 2-5 days, reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks and then declined slowly. IgA antibody was detected in 66 patients (99 %) and IgM in 52 (78 %); both types of antibody followed transient courses, as in varicella.Maximum titres of IgG and complement-fixing antibodies were greater after zoster than after varicella, but the differences were not significant. IgA and IgM titres in young adults with zoster were significantly lower than in older patients, and also lower than in young adults with varicella.Increases in varicella-zoster antibody in patients with herpes simplex virus infections consisted mainly of IgG, sometimes IgA, but never IgM.

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“…This figure varied from 2.5o% (Andelman et al, 1963) to 4.6% (Morley et al, 1964) and to 11.2% (Schwarz, 1964) in later studies. Krugman et al (1963) found that, using the Schwarz vaccine, the percentage incidence of high fever in infants between 1 1/2 and 2 years of age was 35%/6-a rate significantly higher than the 15 % febrile reaction rate observed in older children. An analysis of the pyrexial responses included in Tables 1 and 4 reveals that 5.6 % and 25 % of infants less than 12 months old and 23.8% and 10.5% of infants older than 12 months showed febrile reactions in the spring and fall trials, respectively.…”

Section: Vaccination Of 6-month-old Infants With Schwarz Vaccinementioning

confidence: 87%